Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

perf-tuning: add document for partition pruning #3184

Merged
merged 13 commits into from
May 25, 2020
Merged

perf-tuning: add document for partition pruning #3184

Changes from 9 commits
Commits
Show all changes
13 commits
Select commit Hold shift + click to select a range
38cc955
partition-pruning
wshwsh12 May 20, 2020
d242693
make lint happy
wshwsh12 May 21, 2020
679eef1
adjust link
wshwsh12 May 21, 2020
d040e42
Merge branch 'docs-special-week' into special_week
TomShawn May 21, 2020
3c4e1ad
address comments
wshwsh12 May 24, 2020
b4dd225
address comnet
wshwsh12 May 24, 2020
c59052e
address commnet
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
991af11
Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/docs-special-week' into specia…
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
2283c39
address commnet
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
130a50d
address commnet
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
1e00a91
address commnet
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
af927e2
address commnet
wshwsh12 May 25, 2020
dcecaa0
Merge branch 'docs-special-week' into special_week
sre-bot May 25, 2020
File filter

Filter by extension

Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
255 changes: 254 additions & 1 deletion partition-pruning.md
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -3,4 +3,257 @@ title: 分区裁剪
category: performance
---

# 分区裁剪
# 分区裁剪
Copy link
Contributor

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more.

For anyone who translates this section, note that this section might overlap a bit with 分区裁剪生效的场景.


分区裁剪是只有当目标表为分区表时，才可以进行的一种优化方式。分区裁剪通过分析查询语句中的过滤条件，只选择可能满足条件的分区，不扫描匹配不上的分区，进而显著地减少计算的数据量。

## 分区裁剪的使用场景

分区表有 Range 分区和 hash 分区两种形式，分区裁剪对两种分区表也有不同的使用场景。

### 分区裁剪在 Hash 分区表上的应用

#### Hash 分区表上可以使用分区裁剪的场景

只有等值比较的查询条件能够支持 Hash 分区表的裁剪。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by hash(x) partitions 4;
explain select * from t where x = 1;
```

```sql
wshwsh12 marked this conversation as resolved.
Show resolved Hide resolved
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| TableReader_8 | 10.00 | root | | data:Selection_7 |
| └─Selection_7 | 10.00 | cop[tikv] | | eq(test.t.x, 1) |
| └─TableFullScan_6 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
```

#### Hash 分区表上不能使用分区裁剪的场景

##### 场景一

不能确定查询结果只在一个分区上的条件：如 `in`, `between`, `> < >= <=` 等查询条件，不能使用分区裁剪的优化。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by hash(x) partitions 4;
explain select * from t where x > 2;
wshwsh12 marked this conversation as resolved.
Show resolved Hide resolved
```

```sql
+------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Union_10 | 13333.33 | root | | |
| ├─TableReader_13 | 3333.33 | root | | data:Selection_12 |
| │ └─Selection_12 | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | | gt(test.t.x, 2) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_11 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p0 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| ├─TableReader_16 | 3333.33 | root | | data:Selection_15 |
| │ └─Selection_15 | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | | gt(test.t.x, 2) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_14 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| ├─TableReader_19 | 3333.33 | root | | data:Selection_18 |
| │ └─Selection_18 | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | | gt(test.t.x, 2) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_17 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p2 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableReader_22 | 3333.33 | root | | data:Selection_21 |
| └─Selection_21 | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | | gt(test.t.x, 2) |
| └─TableFullScan_20 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p3 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
```

在这条 SQL 中，`x > 2` 条件无法确定对应的 Hash Partition，所以不能使用分区裁剪。

##### 场景二

由于分区裁剪的规则优化是在查询计划的生成阶段，对于执行阶段才能获取到过滤条件的场景，无法利用分区裁剪的优化。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by hash(x) partitions 4;
explain select * from t2 where x = (select * from t1 where t2.x = t1.x and t2.x < 2);
```

```sql
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Projection_13 | 9990.00 | root | | test.t2.x |
| └─Apply_15 | 9990.00 | root | | inner join, equal:[eq(test.t2.x, test.t1.x)] |
| ├─TableReader_18(Build) | 9990.00 | root | | data:Selection_17 |
| │ └─Selection_17 | 9990.00 | cop[tikv] | | not(isnull(test.t2.x)) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_16 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t2 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─Selection_19(Probe) | 0.80 | root | | not(isnull(test.t1.x)) |
| └─MaxOneRow_20 | 1.00 | root | | |
| └─Union_21 | 2.00 | root | | |
| ├─TableReader_24 | 2.00 | root | | data:Selection_23 |
| │ └─Selection_23 | 2.00 | cop[tikv] | | eq(test.t2.x, test.t1.x), lt(test.t2.x, 2) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_22 | 2500.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, partition:p0 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableReader_27 | 2.00 | root | | data:Selection_26 |
| └─Selection_26 | 2.00 | cop[tikv] | | eq(test.t2.x, test.t1.x), lt(test.t2.x, 2) |
| └─TableFullScan_25 | 2500.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
```

这个查询每从 `t2` 读取一行，都会去分区表 `t1` 上进行查询，理论上这时会满足 `t1.x = val` 的过滤条件，但实际上由于分区裁剪只作用于查询计划生成阶段，而不是执行阶段，因而不会做裁剪。

### 分区裁剪在 Range 分区表上的应用

#### Range 分区表上可以使用分区裁剪的场景

##### 场景一

等值比较的查询条件可以使用分区裁剪。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by range (x) (
partition p0 values less than (5),
partition p1 values less than (10),
partition p2 values less than (15)
);
explain select * from t where x = 3;
```

```sql
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| TableReader_8 | 10.00 | root | | data:Selection_7 |
| └─Selection_7 | 10.00 | cop[tikv] | | eq(test.t.x, 3) |
| └─TableFullScan_6 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p0 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
```

使用 `in` 条件的等值比较查询条件也可以使用分区裁剪。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by range (x) (
partition p0 values less than (5),
partition p1 values less than (10),
partition p2 values less than (15)
);
explain select * from t where x in(1,13);
```

```sql
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
| Union_8 | 40.00 | root | | |
| ├─TableReader_11 | 20.00 | root | | data:Selection_10 |
| │ └─Selection_10 | 20.00 | cop[tikv] | | in(test.t.x, 1, 13) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_9 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p0 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableReader_14 | 20.00 | root | | data:Selection_13 |
| └─Selection_13 | 20.00 | cop[tikv] | | in(test.t.x, 1, 13) |
| └─TableFullScan_12 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p2 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------+
```

##### 场景二

区间比较的查询条件如 `between`, `> < = >= <=` 可以使用分区裁剪。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (x int) partition by range (x) (
partition p0 values less than (5),
partition p1 values less than (10),
partition p2 values less than (15)
);
explain select * from t where x between 7 and 14;
```

```sql
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Union_8 | 500.00 | root | | |
| ├─TableReader_11 | 250.00 | root | | data:Selection_10 |
| │ └─Selection_10 | 250.00 | cop[tikv] | | ge(test.t.x, 7), le(test.t.x, 14) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_9 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableReader_14 | 250.00 | root | | data:Selection_13 |
| └─Selection_13 | 250.00 | cop[tikv] | | ge(test.t.x, 7), le(test.t.x, 14) |
| └─TableFullScan_12 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p2 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-----------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
```

##### 场景三

分区表达式为 `fn(col)` 的简单形式，查询条件是 `> < = >= <=` ，且 `fn` 是单调函数，可以使用分区裁剪。

理论上所有满足单调条件（严格或者非严格）的函数都是可以支持分区裁剪。实际上，目前 TiDB 已经支持的单调函数只有：

```sql
unix_timestamp
to_days
```

例如，分区表达式是 `fn(col)` 形式，`fn` 为我们支持的单调函数 `to_days`，就可以使用分区裁剪：

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t (id datetime) partition by range (to_days(id)) (
partition p0 values less than (to_days('2020-04-01')),
partition p1 values less than (to_days('2020-05-01')));
explain select * from t where id > '2020-04-18';
```

```sql
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| TableReader_8 | 3333.33 | root | | data:Selection_7 |
| └─Selection_7 | 3333.33 | cop[tikv] | | gt(test.t.id, 2020-04-18 00:00:00.000000) |
| └─TableFullScan_6 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
```

#### Range 分区表上不能使用分区裁剪的场景

由于分区裁剪的规则优化是在查询计划的生成阶段，对于执行阶段才能获取到过滤条件的场景，无法利用分区裁剪的优化。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

```sql
create table t1 (x int) partition by range (x) (
partition p0 values less than (5),
partition p1 values less than (10));
create table t2 (x int);
explain select * from t2 where x < (select * from t1 where t2.x < t1.x and t2.x < 2);
```

```sql
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Projection_13 | 9990.00 | root | | test.t2.x |
| └─Apply_15 | 9990.00 | root | | CARTESIAN inner join, other cond:lt(test.t2.x, test.t1.x) |
| ├─TableReader_18(Build) | 9990.00 | root | | data:Selection_17 |
| │ └─Selection_17 | 9990.00 | cop[tikv] | | not(isnull(test.t2.x)) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_16 | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t2 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─Selection_19(Probe) | 0.80 | root | | not(isnull(test.t1.x)) |
| └─MaxOneRow_20 | 1.00 | root | | |
| └─Union_21 | 2.00 | root | | |
| ├─TableReader_24 | 2.00 | root | | data:Selection_23 |
| │ └─Selection_23 | 2.00 | cop[tikv] | | lt(test.t2.x, 2), lt(test.t2.x, test.t1.x) |
| │ └─TableFullScan_22 | 2.50 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, partition:p0 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
| └─TableReader_27 | 2.00 | root | | data:Selection_26 |
| └─Selection_26 | 2.00 | cop[tikv] | | lt(test.t2.x, 2), lt(test.t2.x, test.t1.x) |
| └─TableFullScan_25 | 2.50 | cop[tikv] | table:t1, partition:p1 | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```

这个查询每从 `t2` 读取一行，都会去分区表 `t1` 上进行查询，理论上这时会满足 `t1.x > val` 的过滤条件，但实际上由于分区裁剪只作用于查询计划生成阶段，而不是执行阶段，因而不会做裁剪。