Add common language-agnostic environment variable configuration docs (#…

…1432)

* first section

* there we go

* no loggy level and checky linky happy

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Austin Parker <austin@ap2.io>

* less confuze for sample

* Update content/en/docs/concepts/sdk-configuration/exporter-selection-configuration.md

Co-authored-by: Robert Pająk <pellared@hotmail.com>

* PR feedback

* do it right this time

Co-authored-by: Austin Parker <austin@ap2.io>
Co-authored-by: Robert Pająk <pellared@hotmail.com>

content/en/docs/concepts/sdk-configuration/_index.md

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+---
+title: SDK Configuration
+weight: 51
+---
+
+OpenTelemetry SDKs support configuration in each language and with environment variables. The following pages describe the environment variables you can use to configure your SDK. Values set with environment variables override equivalent configuration done in code using SDK APIs.
+

content/en/docs/concepts/sdk-configuration/general-sdk-configuration.md

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+---
+title: "General SDK Configuration"
+description: >-
+ General-purpose environment variables for configuring an OpenTelemetry SDK.
+weight: 1
+---
+
+## `OTEL_SERVICE_NAME`
+
+Sets the value of the
+[`service.name`](/docs/reference/specification/resource/semantic_conventions/#service) resource
+attribute.
+
+**Default value:** `"unknown_service"`
+
+If `service.name` is also provided in `OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES`, then
+`OTEL_SERVICE_NAME` takes precedence.
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_SERVICE_NAME="your-service-name"`
+
+## `OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES`
+
+Key-value pairs to be used as resource attributes. See [Resource
+SDK](/docs/reference/specification/resource/sdk#specifying-resource-information-via-an-environment-variable)
+for more details.
+
+**Default value:** Empty.
+
+See [Resource semantic
+conventions](/docs/reference/specification/resource/semantic_conventions/#semantic-attributes-with-sdk-provided-default-value)
+for semantic conventions to follow for common resource types.
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES="key1=value1,key2=value2"`
+
+## `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER`
+
+Specifies the Sampler used to sample traces by the SDK.
+
+**Default value:** `"parentbased_always_on"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER="traceidratio"`
+
+Accepted values for `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER` are:
+
+- `"always_on"`: `AlwaysOnSampler`
+- `"always_off"`: `AlwaysOffSampler`
+- `"traceidratio"`: `TraceIdRatioBased`
+- `"parentbased_always_on"`: `ParentBased(root=AlwaysOnSampler)`
+- `"parentbased_always_off"`: `ParentBased(root=AlwaysOffSampler)`
+- `"parentbased_traceidratio"`: `ParentBased(root=TraceIdRatioBased)`
+- `"parentbased_jaeger_remote"`: `ParentBased(root=JaegerRemoteSampler)`
+- `"jaeger_remote"`: `JaegerRemoteSampler`
+- `"xray"`: [AWS X-Ray Centralized
+  Sampling](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/xray-console-sampling.html)
+  (_third party_)
+
+## `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG`
+
+Specifies arguments, if applicable, to the sampler defined in by
+`OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER`. The specified value will only be used if
+`OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER` is set. Each Sampler type defines its own expected input,
+if any. Invalid or unrecognized input is logged as an error.
+
+**Default value:** Empty.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```shell
+export OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER="traceidratio"
+export OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG="0.5"
+```
+
+Depending on the value of `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER`, `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG` may
+be set as follows:
+
+- For `traceidratio` and `parentbased_traceidratio` samplers: Sampling
+  probability, a number in the [0..1] range, e.g. "0.25". Default is 1.0 if
+  unset.
+- For `jaeger_remote` and `parentbased_jaeger_remote`: The value is a comma
+  separated list:
+  - Example:
+    `"endpoint=http://localhost:14250,pollingIntervalMs=5000,initialSamplingRate=0.25"`
+  - `endpoint`: the endpoint in form of `scheme://host:port` of gRPC server that
+    serves the sampling strategy for the service
+    ([sampling.proto](https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-idl/blob/master/proto/api_v2/sampling.proto)).
+  - `pollingIntervalMs`:  in milliseconds indicating how often the sampler will
+    poll the backend for updates to sampling strategy.
+  - `initialSamplingRate`:  in the [0..1] range, which is used as the sampling
+    probability when the backend cannot be reached to retrieve a sampling
+    strategy. This value stops having an effect once a sampling strategy is
+    retrieved successfully, as the remote strategy will be used until a new
+    update is retrieved.
+
+## `OTEL_PROPAGATORS`
+
+Specifies Propagators to be used in a comma-separated list.
+
+**Default value:** `"tracecontext,baggage"
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_PROPAGATORS="b3"`
+
+Accepted values for `OTEL_PROPAGATORS` are:
+
+- `"tracecontext"`: [W3C Trace Context](https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/)
+- `"baggage"`: [W3C Baggage](https://www.w3.org/TR/baggage/)
+- `"b3"`: [B3 Single](/docs/reference/specification/context/api-propagators#configuration)
+- `"b3multi"`: [B3 Multi](/docs/reference/specification/context/api-propagators#configuration)
+- `"jaeger"`:
+  [Jaeger](https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/1.21/client-libraries/#propagation-format)
+- `"xray"`: [AWS
+  X-Ray](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/xray-concepts.html#xray-concepts-tracingheader)
+  (_third party_)
+- `"ottrace"`: [OT
+  Trace](https://github.com/opentracing?q=basic&type=&language=) (_third party_)
+- `"none"`: No automatically configured propagator.
+
+## `OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER`
+
+Specifies which exporter is used for traces.
+
+**Default value:** `"otlp"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER="jaeger"`
+
+Accepted values for are:
+
+- `"otlp"`: [OTLP][spec-otlp]
+- `"jaeger"`: export in Jaeger data model
+- `"zipkin"`: [Zipkin](https://zipkin.io/zipkin-api/)
+- `"none"`: No automatically configured exporter for traces.
+
+## `OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER`
+
+Specifies which exporter is used for metrics.
+
+**Default value:** `"otlp"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER="prometheus"`
+
+Accepted values for `OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER` are:
+
+- `"otlp"`: [OTLP][spec-otlp]
+- `"prometheus"`: [Prometheus](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md)
+- `"none"`: No automatically configured exporter for metrics.
+
+## `OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER`
+
+Specifies which exporter is used for logs.
+
+**Default value:** `"otlp"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER="otlp"`
+
+Accepted values for `OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER` are:
+
+- `"otlp"`: [OTLP][spec-otlp]
+- `"none"`: No automatically configured exporter for logs.
+
+[spec-otlp](/docs/reference/specification/protocol/otlp)

content/en/docs/concepts/sdk-configuration/otlp-exporter-configuration.md

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+---
+title: "OTLP Exporter Configuration"
+description: >-
+ Environment variables for configuring your OTLP Exporter.
+weight: 2
+---
+
+## Endpoint Configuration
+
+The following environment variables let you configure an OTLP/gRPC or OTLP/HTTP
+endpoint for your traces, metrics, and logs.
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT`
+
+A base endpoint URL for any signal type, with an optionall-specified port
+number. Helpful for when you're sending more than one signal to the same
+endpoint and want one environment variable to control the endpoint.
+
+**Default value:**
+
+* gRPC: `"http://localhost:4317"`
+* HTTP: `"http://localhost:4318"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+* gRPC: `export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT="my-api-endpoint:443"`
+* HTTP: `export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT="https://my-api-endpoint/"`
+
+For OTLP/HTTP, exporters in the SDK construct signal-specific URLs when this
+environment variable is set. This means that if you're sending traces, metrics,
+and logs, the following URLS are constructed from the example above:
+
+* Traces: `"https://my-api-endpoint/v1/traces"`
+* Metrics: `"https://my-api-endpoint/v1/metrics"`
+* Logs: `"https://my-api-endpoint/v1/logs"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT`
+
+Endpoint URL for trace data only, with an optionall-specified port number. Must
+end with `v1/traces` if using OTLP/HTTP.
+
+**Default value:**
+
+* gRPC: `"http://localhost:4317"`
+* HTTP: `"http://localhost:4318/v1/traces"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+* gRPC: `export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT="my-api-endpoint:443"`
+* HTTP:`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT="https://my-api-endpoint/v1/traces"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT`
+
+Endpoint URL for trace data only, with an optionall-specified port number. Must
+end with `v1/metrics` if using OTLP/HTTP.
+
+**Default value:**
+
+* gRPC: `"http://localhost:4317"`
+* HTTP: `"http://localhost:4318/v1/metrics"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+* gRPC: `export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT="my-api-endpoint:443"`
+* HTTP:`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT="https://my-api-endpoint/v1/metrics"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT`
+
+Endpoint URL for trace data only, with an optionall-specified port number. Must
+end with `v1/logs` if using OTLP/HTTP.
+
+**Default value:**
+
+* gRPC: `"http://localhost:4317"`
+* HTTP: `"http://localhost:4318/v1/logs"`
+
+**Example:**
+
+* gRPC: `export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT="my-api-endpoint:443"`
+* HTTP:`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT="https://my-api-endpoint/v1/logs"`
+
+## Header configuration
+
+The following environment variables let you configure additional headers as a
+list of key-value pairs to add in outgoing gRPC or HTTP requests
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS`
+
+A list of headers to apply to all outgoing data (traces, metrics, and logs).
+
+**Default value:** N/A
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS="api-key=key,other-config-value=value"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_HEADERS`
+
+A list of headers to apply to all outgoing traces.
+
+**Default value:** N/A
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export
+OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_HEADERS="api-key=key,other-config-value=value"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS`
+
+A list of headers to apply to all outgoing metrics.
+
+**Default value:** N/A
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export
+OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS="api-key=key,other-config-value=value"`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS`
+
+A list of headers to apply to all outgoing logs.
+
+**Default value:** N/A
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS="api-key=key,other-config-value=value"`
+
+## Timeout Configuration
+
+The following environment variables configure the maximum time (in milliseconds)
+an OTLP Exporter will wait before transmitting the net batch of data.
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT`
+
+The timeout value for all outgoing data (traces, metrics, and logs) in milliseconds.
+
+**Default value:** `10000` (10s)
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT=500`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_TIMEOUT`
+
+The timeout value for all outgoing traces in milliseconds.
+
+**Default value:** 10000 (10s)
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_TIMEOUT=500`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT`
+
+The timeout value for all outgoing metrics in milliseconds.
+
+**Default value:** 10000 (10s)
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT=500`
+
+### `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT`
+
+The timeout value for all outgoing logs in milliseconds.
+
+**Default value:** 10000 (10s)
+
+**Example:**
+
+`export OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT=500`