Update PeriodicExportingMetricReader to never call export() concurrently

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+- Update PeriodicExportingMetricReader to never call export() concurrently
+  ([#2873](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/2873))
+
 ## [1.12.0-0.33b0](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/releases/tag/v1.12.0-0.33b0) - 2022-08-08
 
 - Add `force_flush` method to metrics exporter

opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/_internal/export/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 from logging import getLogger
 from os import environ, linesep
 from sys import stdout
-from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from threading import Event, Lock, RLock, Thread
 from typing import IO, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Optional
 
 from typing_extensions import final
@@ -404,6 +404,9 @@ class PeriodicExportingMetricReader(MetricReader):
     """`PeriodicExportingMetricReader` is an implementation of `MetricReader`
     that collects metrics based on a user-configurable time interval, and passes the
     metrics to the configured exporter.
+
+    The configured exporter's :py:meth:`~MetricExporter.export` method will not be called
+    concurrently.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -417,6 +420,12 @@ def __init__(
             preferred_temporality=exporter._preferred_temporality,
             preferred_aggregation=exporter._preferred_aggregation,
         )
+
+        # This lock is held whenever calling self._exporter.export() to prevent concurrent
+        # execution of MetricExporter.export()
+        # https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#exportbatch
+        self._export_lock = Lock()
+
         self._exporter = exporter
         if export_interval_millis is None:
             try:
@@ -479,7 +488,10 @@ def _receive_metrics(
             return
         token = attach(set_value(_SUPPRESS_INSTRUMENTATION_KEY, True))
         try:
-            self._exporter.export(metrics_data, timeout_millis=timeout_millis)
+            with self._export_lock:
+                self._exporter.export(
+                    metrics_data, timeout_millis=timeout_millis
+                )
         except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except,invalid-name
             _logger.exception("Exception while exporting metrics %s", str(e))
         detach(token)

opentelemetry-sdk/tests/metrics/test_exporter_concurrency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import time
+from threading import Lock
+
+from opentelemetry.metrics import CallbackOptions, Observation
+from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics import MeterProvider
+from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export import (
+    MetricExporter,
+    MetricExportResult,
+    MetricsData,
+    PeriodicExportingMetricReader,
+)
+from opentelemetry.test.concurrency_test import ConcurrencyTestBase
+
+
+class MaxCountExporter(MetricExporter):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(None, None)
+        self._lock = Lock()
+
+        # the number of threads inside of export()
+        self.count_in_export = 0
+
+        # the total count of calls to export()
+        self.export_count = 0
+
+        # the maximum number of threads in export() ever
+        self.max_count_in_export = 0
+
+    def export(
+        self,
+        metrics_data: MetricsData,
+        timeout_millis: float = 10_000,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> MetricExportResult:
+        with self._lock:
+            self.export_count += 1
+            self.count_in_export += 1
+
+        # yield to other threads
+        time.sleep(0)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            self.max_count_in_export = max(
+                self.max_count_in_export, self.count_in_export
+            )
+            self.count_in_export -= 1
+
+    def force_flush(self, timeout_millis: float = 10_000) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def shutdown(self, timeout_millis: float = 30_000, **kwargs) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class TestExporterConcurrency(ConcurrencyTestBase):
+    """
+    Tests the requirement that:
+
+    > `Export` will never be called concurrently for the same exporter instance.  `Export` can
+    > be called again only after the current call returns.
+
+    https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#exportbatch
+    """
+
+    def test_exporter_not_called_concurrently(self):
+        exporter = MaxCountExporter()
+        reader = PeriodicExportingMetricReader(
+            exporter=exporter,
+            export_interval_millis=100_000,
+        )
+        meter_provider = MeterProvider(metric_readers=[reader])
+
+        def counter_cb(options: CallbackOptions):
+            yield Observation(2)
+
+        meter_provider.get_meter(__name__).create_observable_counter(
+            "testcounter", callbacks=[counter_cb]
+        )
+
+        # call collect from a bunch of threads to try and enter export() concurrently
+        def test_many_threads():
+            reader.collect()
+
+        self.run_with_many_threads(test_many_threads, num_threads=100)
+
+        # no thread should be in export() now
+        self.assertEqual(exporter.count_in_export, 0)
+        # should be one call for each thread
+        self.assertEqual(exporter.export_count, 100)
+        # should never have been more than one concurrent call
+        self.assertEqual(exporter.max_count_in_export, 1)