TraceState implementation as per spec

api/include/opentelemetry/trace/trace_state.h

@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <regex>
+#if (__GNUC__ == 4 && (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 8))
+#  define HAVE_WORKING_REGEX 0
+#else
+#  define HAVE_WORKING_REGEX 1
+#endif
 
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
@@ -36,9 +44,11 @@ namespace trace
 class TraceState
 {
 public:
-  static constexpr int kKeyMaxSize       = 256;
-  static constexpr int kValueMaxSize     = 256;
-  static constexpr int kMaxKeyValuePairs = 32;
+  static constexpr int kKeyMaxSize         = 256;
+  static constexpr int kValueMaxSize       = 256;
+  static constexpr int kMaxKeyValuePairs   = 32;
+  static constexpr auto kKeyValueSeparator = '=';
+  static constexpr auto kMembersSeparator  = ',';
 
   // Class to store key-value pairs.
   class Entry
@@ -97,37 +107,168 @@ class TraceState
     }
   };
 
-  // An empty TraceState.
-  TraceState() noexcept : entries_(new Entry[kMaxKeyValuePairs]), num_entries_(0) {}
+  /**
+   * Returns a newly created TraceState parsed from the header provided.
+   * @param header Encoding of the tracestate header defined by
+   * the W3C Trace Context specification https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/
+   *  @return Tracestate A new TraceState instance or DEFAULT
+   */
+  static TraceState FromHeader(nostd::string_view header)
+  {
+    TraceState ts;
+
+    std::size_t begin{0};
+    std::size_t end{0};
+    bool invalid_header = false;
+    while (begin < header.size() && ts.num_entries_ < kMaxKeyValuePairs)
+    {
+      // find list-member
+      end = header.find(kMembersSeparator, begin);
+      if (end == std::string::npos)
+      {
+        // last list member. `end` points to end of it.
+        end = header.size() - 1;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        // `end` points to end of current list member
+        end--;
+      }
+      auto list_member = TrimString(header, begin, end);  // OWS handling
+      if (list_member.size() == 0)
+      {
+        // empty list member, move to next in list
+        begin = end + 2;  // begin points to start of next member
+        continue;
+      }
+      auto key_end_pos = list_member.find(kKeyValueSeparator);
+      if (key_end_pos == std::string::npos)
+      {
+        // Error: invalid list member, return empty TraceState
+        ts.entries_.reset(nullptr);
+        ts.num_entries_ = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      auto key   = list_member.substr(0, key_end_pos);
+      auto value = list_member.substr(key_end_pos + 1);
+      if (!IsValidKey(key) || !IsValidValue(value))
+      {
+        // invalid header. return empty TraceState
+        ts.entries_.reset(nullptr);
+        ts.num_entries_ = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      Entry entry(key, value);
+      (ts.entries_.get())[ts.num_entries_] = entry;
+      ts.num_entries_++;
 
-  // Returns false if no such key, otherwise returns true and populates the value parameter with the
-  // associated value.
-  bool Get(nostd::string_view key, nostd::string_view &value) const noexcept
+      begin = end + 2;
+    }
+    return ts;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a w3c tracestate header from TraceState object
+   */
+  std::string ToHeader()
   {
-    for (const auto &entry : Entries())
+    std::string header_s;
+    for (size_t count = 0; count < num_entries_; count++)
     {
+      if (count != 0)
+      {
+        header_s.append(",");
+      }
+
+      auto entry = (entries_.get())[count];
+      header_s.append(std::string(entry.GetKey()));
+      header_s.append(std::string(1, kKeyValueSeparator));
+      header_s.append(std::string(entry.GetValue()));
+    }
+    return header_s;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *  Returns `value` associated with `key` passed as argument
+   *  Returns empty string if key is invalid  or not found
+   */
+  std::string Get(nostd::string_view key) const noexcept
+  {
+    if (!IsValidKey(key))
+    {
+      return std::string();
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_entries_; i++)
+    {
+      auto entry = (entries_.get())[i];
       if (key == entry.GetKey())
       {
-        value = entry.GetValue();
-        return true;
+        return std::string(entry.GetValue());
       }
     }
-    return false;
+    return std::string();
   }
 
-  // Creates an Entry for the key-value pair and adds it to entries. Returns true if pair was added
-  // successfully, false otherwise. If value is null or entries_ is full, this function is a no-op.
-  bool Set(nostd::string_view key, nostd::string_view value) noexcept
+  /**
+   * Returns `new` TraceState object with following mutations applied to the existing instance:
+   *  Update Key value: The updated value must be moved to beginning of List
+   *  Add : The new key-value pair SHOULD be added to beginning of List
+   *
+   * If the provided key-value pair is invalid, or results in transtate that violates the
+   * tracecontext specification, empty TraceState instance will be returned.
+   *
+   * If the existing object has maximum list members, it's copy is returned.
+   */
+  TraceState Set(const nostd::string_view &key, const nostd::string_view &value)
   {
-    if (value.empty() || num_entries_ >= kMaxKeyValuePairs)
+    TraceState ts;
+    if ((!IsValidKey(key) || !IsValidValue(value)))
     {
-      return false;
+      // max size reached or invalid key/value. Returning empty TraceState
+      return ts;  // empty instance
     }
 
-    Entry entry(key, value);
-    (entries_.get())[num_entries_] = entry;
-    num_entries_++;
-    return true;
+    // add new key-value pair at beginning if list is not reached to its limit
+    if (num_entries_ < kMaxKeyValuePairs)
+    {
+      Entry e(key, value);
+      (ts.entries_.get())[ts.num_entries_++] = e;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_entries_; i++)
+    {
+      auto entry = (entries_.get())[i];
+      auto key   = entry.GetKey();
+      auto value = entry.GetValue();
+      Entry e(key, value);
+      (ts.entries_.get())[ts.num_entries_++] = e;
+    }
+    return ts;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns `new` TraceState object after removing the attribute with given key ( if present )
+   * @returns empty TraceState object if key is invalid
+   * @returns copy of original TraceState object if key is not present (??)
+   */
+  TraceState Delete(const nostd::string_view &key)
+  {
+    TraceState ts;
+    if (!IsValidKey(key))
+    {
+      return ts;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_entries_; i++)
+    {
+      auto entry = (entries_.get())[i];
+      if ((entries_.get())[i].GetKey() != key)
+      {
+        auto key   = entry.GetKey();
+        auto value = entry.GetValue();
+        Entry e(key, value);
+        (ts.entries_.get())[ts.num_entries_++] = e;
+      }
+    }
+    return ts;
   }
 
   // Returns true if there are no keys, false otherwise.
@@ -139,8 +280,81 @@ class TraceState
     return nostd::span<Entry>(entries_.get(), num_entries_);
   }
 
-  // Returns whether key is a valid key. See https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#key
+  /** Returns whether key is a valid key. See https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#key
+   * Identifiers MUST begin with a lowercase letter or a digit, and can only contain
+   * lowercase letters (a-z), digits (0-9), underscores (_), dashes (-), asterisks (*),
+   * and forward slashes (/).
+   * For multi-tenant vendor scenarios, an at sign (@) can be used to prefix the vendor name.
+   *
+   */
   static bool IsValidKey(nostd::string_view key)
+  {
+#if HAVE_WORKING_REGEX
+    return IsValidKeyRegEx(key);
+#else
+    return IsValidKeyNonRegEx(key);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether value is a valid value. See https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#value
+   * The value is an opaque string containing up to 256 printable ASCII (RFC0020)
+   *  characters ((i.e., the range 0x20 to 0x7E) except comma , and equal =)
+   */
+  static bool IsValidValue(nostd::string_view value)
+  {
+#if HAVE_WORKING_REGEX
+    return IsValidValueRegEx(value);
+#else
+    return IsValidValueNonRegEx(value);
+#endif
+  }
+
+private:
+  // Store entries in a C-style array to avoid using std::array or std::vector.
+  nostd::unique_ptr<Entry[]> entries_;
+
+  // Maintain the number of entries in entries_. Must be in the range [0, kMaxKeyValuePairs].
+  size_t num_entries_;
+
+  // An empty TraceState.
+  TraceState() noexcept : entries_(new Entry[kMaxKeyValuePairs]), num_entries_(0) {}
+
+  static nostd::string_view TrimString(nostd::string_view str, size_t left, size_t right)
+  {
+    while (str[static_cast<std::size_t>(right)] == ' ' && left < right)
+    {
+      right--;
+    }
+    while (str[static_cast<std::size_t>(left)] == ' ' && left < right)
+    {
+      left++;
+    }
+    return str.substr(left, right - left + 1);
+  }
+
+  static bool IsValidKeyRegEx(nostd::string_view key)
+  {
+    static std::regex reg_key("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,255}$");
+    static std::regex reg_key_multitenant(
+        "^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,240}(@)[a-z0-9][a-z0-9*_\\-/]{0,13}$");
+    std::string key_s(key);
+    if (std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key) || std::regex_match(key_s, reg_key_multitenant))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static bool IsValidValueRegEx(nostd::string_view value)
+  {
+    // Hex 0x20 to 0x2B, 0x2D to 0x3C, 0x3E to 0x7E
+    static std::regex reg_value(
+        "^[\\x20-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]{0,255}[\\x21-\\x2B\\x2D-\\x3C\\x3E-\\x7E]$");
+    // Need to benchmark without regex, as a string object is created here.
+    return std::regex_match(std::string(value), reg_value);
+  }
+
+  static bool IsValidKeyNonRegEx(nostd::string_view key)
   {
     if (key.empty() || key.size() > kKeyMaxSize || !IsLowerCaseAlphaOrDigit(key[0]))
     {
@@ -163,8 +377,7 @@ class TraceState
     return true;
   }
 
-  // Returns whether value is a valid value. See https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#value
-  static bool IsValidValue(nostd::string_view value)
+  static bool IsValidValueNonRegEx(nostd::string_view value)
   {
     if (value.empty() || value.size() > kValueMaxSize)
     {
@@ -181,15 +394,7 @@ class TraceState
     return true;
   }
 
-private:
-  // Store entries in a C-style array to avoid using std::array or std::vector.
-  nostd::unique_ptr<Entry[]> entries_;
-
-  // Maintain the number of entries in entries_. Must be in the range [0, kMaxKeyValuePairs].
-  int num_entries_;
-
   static bool IsLowerCaseAlphaOrDigit(char c) { return isdigit(c) || islower(c); }
 };
-
 }  // namespace trace
-OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
+OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE

api/test/trace/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ foreach(
   span_context_test
   scope_test
   noop_test
+  trace_state_test
   tracer_test)
   add_executable(api_${testname} "${testname}.cc")
   target_link_libraries(