Support latest DogStatsD version (#31296)

**Description:**
* Support DogStatsD v1.2 by accepting metrics with container IDs
* Support DogStatsD v1.3 by accepting metrics with timestamps
* Add tests for the cases above
* Improve readability in `statsd_parser_test.go` when calling
`testStatsDMetric`
* Add changelog entry

**Link to tracking Issue:** #31295

**Testing:**
1. Added unit tests to validate that the new fields are accepted and
interpreted correctly
2. Manual tests to verify that the metrics go through a collector
pipeline. Notice the `container_id` attribute and the `Timestamp` field,
which contains a custom value different from `StartTimestamp`:
```
ScopeMetrics #0
ScopeMetrics SchemaURL:
InstrumentationScope otelcol/statsdreceiver 0.94.0-dev
Metric #0
Descriptor:
     -> Name: workflow_execution.failure
     -> Description:
     -> Unit:
     -> DataType: Sum
     -> IsMonotonic: false
     -> AggregationTemporality: Delta
NumberDataPoints #0
Data point attributes:
     -> container_id: Str(d69b8773f0ac1d93447a5835cb4ed1bf13dd336d32994830687ae1f352c86fe4)
     -> deployment.id: Str(d_0lBskd)
     -> metric_type: Str(counter)
     -> env: Str(development)
     -> project.id: Str(proj_kYRs18)
     -> trace.id: Str(2cQtSfsef2TN3EC2psGIorPaFd8)
     -> workflow.id: Str(p_0PACqQ)
StartTimestamp: 2024-02-16 03:53:30.323425523 +0000 UTC
Timestamp: 2024-02-16 03:53:51 +0000 UTC
Value: 1
```

.chloggen/feat_support-latest-dogstatsd.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: statsdreceiver
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add support for the latest version of DogStatsD protocol (v1.3)
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [31295]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: [user]

receiver/statsdreceiver/go.mod

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/consumer v0.95.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata v1.2.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/receiver v0.95.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/semconv v0.95.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.23.1
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.23.1
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.23.1

receiver/statsdreceiver/internal/protocol/metric_translator.go

@@ -34,13 +34,20 @@ func buildCounterMetric(parsedMetric statsDMetric, isMonotonicCounter bool) pmet
 		dp.Attributes().PutStr(string(i.Attribute().Key), i.Attribute().Value.AsString())
 	}
 
+	if parsedMetric.timestamp != 0 {
+		dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.Timestamp(parsedMetric.timestamp))
+	}
+
 	return ilm
 }
 
 func setTimestampsForCounterMetric(ilm pmetric.ScopeMetrics, startTime, timeNow time.Time) {
 	dp := ilm.Metrics().At(0).Sum().DataPoints().At(0)
 	dp.SetStartTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(startTime))
-	dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(timeNow))
+
+	if dp.Timestamp() == 0 {
+		dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(timeNow))
+	}
 }
 
 func buildGaugeMetric(parsedMetric statsDMetric, timeNow time.Time) pmetric.ScopeMetrics {

receiver/statsdreceiver/internal/protocol/statsd_parser.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pcommon"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/collector/semconv/v1.22.0"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 )
 
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ type statsDMetric struct {
 	addition    bool
 	unit        string
 	sampleRate  float64
+	timestamp   uint64
 }
 
 type statsDMetricDescription struct {
@@ -430,6 +432,28 @@ func parseMessageToMetric(line string, enableMetricType bool, enableSimpleTags b
 
 				kvs = append(kvs, attribute.String(k, v))
 			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(part, "c:"):
+			// As per DogStatD protocol v1.2:
+			// https://docs.datadoghq.com/developers/dogstatsd/datagram_shell/?tab=metrics#dogstatsd-protocol-v12
+			containerID := strings.TrimPrefix(part, "c:")
+
+			if containerID != "" {
+				kvs = append(kvs, attribute.String(semconv.AttributeContainerID, containerID))
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(part, "T"):
+			// As per DogStatD protocol v1.3:
+			// https://docs.datadoghq.com/developers/dogstatsd/datagram_shell/?tab=metrics#dogstatsd-protocol-v13
+			if inType != CounterType && inType != GaugeType {
+				return result, fmt.Errorf("only GAUGE and COUNT metrics support a timestamp")
+			}
+
+			timestampStr := strings.TrimPrefix(part, "T")
+			timestampSeconds, err := strconv.ParseUint(timestampStr, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return result, fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp: %s", timestampStr)
+			}
+
+			result.timestamp = timestampSeconds * 1e9 // Convert seconds to nanoseconds
 		default:
 			return result, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized message part: %s", part)
 		}