[exporter/kafkaexporter] Add encoding extensions support (#34384)

**Description:** Add support for encoding extensions in the
kafkaexporter

To be able to use encoding extensions this PR adds extension support and
proposes to rename the existing `encoding` configuration property to
`format` and reusing the `encoding` property for configuring encoding
extensions. Reason is to be consistent with other receivers/exporters.

Related to
#33888
which adds encoding extension support in the `kafkareceiver`.

**Link to tracking Issue:** n/a

**Testing:** Tested via the following configuration.
```
receivers:
  kafka:
    brokers:
    - localhost:29092
    encoding: json
    group_id: test1
    topic: logs_in

extensions:
  json_log_encoding:

exporters:
  debug:
    verbosity: detailed
  kafka:
    brokers:
      - localhost:29092
    encoding: json_log_encoding
    topic: json_out

processors:
  batch:

service:
  extensions: [json_log_encoding]
  pipelines:
    logs:
      receivers: [kafka]
      processors: [batch]
      exporters: [debug, kafka]
  telemetry:
    logs:
      level: "info"
```

Any json can be written to the `logs_in` topic and results be viewed in
the `json_out` topic.

When removing `encoding: json_log_encoding` the default format type is
used and the output in `json_out` topic changes accordingly.

**Documentation:** Updated README.md within the receiver describing the
use of encoding extensions.

Co-authored-by: Sean Marciniak <30928402+MovieStoreGuy@users.noreply.github.com>

.chloggen/kafkaexporter-encoding-extensions.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: kafkaexporter
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add support for encoding extensions in the Kafka exporter.
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [34384]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext: |
+  This change adds support for encoding extensions in the Kafka exporter. Loading extensions takes precedence over the internally supported encodings.
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: [user]

exporter/kafkaexporter/factory.go

@@ -105,10 +105,7 @@ func (f *kafkaExporterFactory) createTracesExporter(
 	if oCfg.Encoding == "otlp_json" {
 		set.Logger.Info("otlp_json is considered experimental and should not be used in a production environment")
 	}
-	exp, err := newTracesExporter(oCfg, set)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	exp := newTracesExporter(oCfg, set)
 	return exporterhelper.NewTracesExporter(
 		ctx,
 		set,
@@ -136,10 +133,7 @@ func (f *kafkaExporterFactory) createMetricsExporter(
 	if oCfg.Encoding == "otlp_json" {
 		set.Logger.Info("otlp_json is considered experimental and should not be used in a production environment")
 	}
-	exp, err := newMetricsExporter(oCfg, set)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	exp := newMetricsExporter(oCfg, set)
 	return exporterhelper.NewMetricsExporter(
 		ctx,
 		set,
@@ -167,10 +161,7 @@ func (f *kafkaExporterFactory) createLogsExporter(
 	if oCfg.Encoding == "otlp_json" {
 		set.Logger.Info("otlp_json is considered experimental and should not be used in a production environment")
 	}
-	exp, err := newLogsExporter(oCfg, set)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	exp := newLogsExporter(oCfg, set)
 	return exporterhelper.NewLogsExporter(
 		ctx,
 		set,

exporter/kafkaexporter/kafka_exporter.go

@@ -65,7 +65,23 @@ func (e *kafkaTracesProducer) Close(context.Context) error {
 	return e.producer.Close()
 }
 
-func (e *kafkaTracesProducer) start(_ context.Context, _ component.Host) error {
+func (e *kafkaTracesProducer) start(_ context.Context, host component.Host) error {
+	// extensions take precedence over internal encodings
+	if marshaler, errExt := loadEncodingExtension[ptrace.Marshaler](
+		host,
+		e.cfg.Encoding,
+	); errExt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = &tracesEncodingMarshaler{
+			marshaler: *marshaler,
+			encoding:  e.cfg.Encoding,
+		}
+	}
+	if marshaler, errInt := createTracesMarshaler(e.cfg); e.marshaler == nil && errInt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = marshaler
+	}
+	if e.marshaler == nil {
+		return errUnrecognizedEncoding
+	}
 	producer, err := newSaramaProducer(e.cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -107,7 +123,23 @@ func (e *kafkaMetricsProducer) Close(context.Context) error {
 	return e.producer.Close()
 }
 
-func (e *kafkaMetricsProducer) start(_ context.Context, _ component.Host) error {
+func (e *kafkaMetricsProducer) start(_ context.Context, host component.Host) error {
+	// extensions take precedence over internal encodings
+	if marshaler, errExt := loadEncodingExtension[pmetric.Marshaler](
+		host,
+		e.cfg.Encoding,
+	); errExt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = &metricsEncodingMarshaler{
+			marshaler: *marshaler,
+			encoding:  e.cfg.Encoding,
+		}
+	}
+	if marshaler, errInt := createMetricMarshaler(e.cfg); e.marshaler == nil && errInt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = marshaler
+	}
+	if e.marshaler == nil {
+		return errUnrecognizedEncoding
+	}
 	producer, err := newSaramaProducer(e.cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -149,7 +181,23 @@ func (e *kafkaLogsProducer) Close(context.Context) error {
 	return e.producer.Close()
 }
 
-func (e *kafkaLogsProducer) start(_ context.Context, _ component.Host) error {
+func (e *kafkaLogsProducer) start(_ context.Context, host component.Host) error {
+	// extensions take precedence over internal encodings
+	if marshaler, errExt := loadEncodingExtension[plog.Marshaler](
+		host,
+		e.cfg.Encoding,
+	); errExt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = &logsEncodingMarshaler{
+			marshaler: *marshaler,
+			encoding:  e.cfg.Encoding,
+		}
+	}
+	if marshaler, errInt := createLogMarshaler(e.cfg); e.marshaler == nil && errInt == nil {
+		e.marshaler = marshaler
+	}
+	if e.marshaler == nil {
+		return errUnrecognizedEncoding
+	}
 	producer, err := newSaramaProducer(e.cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -204,50 +252,26 @@ func newSaramaProducer(config Config) (sarama.SyncProducer, error) {
 	return producer, nil
 }
 
-func newMetricsExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) (*kafkaMetricsProducer, error) {
-	marshaler, err := createMetricMarshaler(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if marshaler == nil {
-		return nil, errUnrecognizedEncoding
-	}
-
+func newMetricsExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) *kafkaMetricsProducer {
 	return &kafkaMetricsProducer{
-		cfg:       config,
-		marshaler: marshaler,
-		logger:    set.Logger,
-	}, nil
-
+		cfg:    config,
+		logger: set.Logger,
+	}
 }
 
 // newTracesExporter creates Kafka exporter.
-func newTracesExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) (*kafkaTracesProducer, error) {
-	marshaler, err := createTracesMarshaler(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
+func newTracesExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) *kafkaTracesProducer {
 	return &kafkaTracesProducer{
-		cfg:       config,
-		marshaler: marshaler,
-		logger:    set.Logger,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func newLogsExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) (*kafkaLogsProducer, error) {
-	marshaler, err := createLogMarshaler(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		cfg:    config,
+		logger: set.Logger,
 	}
+}
 
+func newLogsExporter(config Config, set exporter.Settings) *kafkaLogsProducer {
 	return &kafkaLogsProducer{
-		cfg:       config,
-		marshaler: marshaler,
-		logger:    set.Logger,
-	}, nil
-
+		cfg:    config,
+		logger: set.Logger,
+	}
 }
 
 type resourceSlice[T any] interface {
@@ -271,3 +295,30 @@ func getTopic[T resource](cfg *Config, resources resourceSlice[T]) string {
 	}
 	return cfg.Topic
 }
+
+// loadEncodingExtension tries to load an available extension for the given encoding.
+func loadEncodingExtension[T any](host component.Host, encoding string) (*T, error) {
+	extensionID, err := encodingToComponentID(encoding)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	encodingExtension, ok := host.GetExtensions()[*extensionID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown encoding extension %q", encoding)
+	}
+	unmarshaler, ok := encodingExtension.(T)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("extension %q is not an unmarshaler", encoding)
+	}
+	return &unmarshaler, nil
+}
+
+// encodingToComponentID converts an encoding string to a component ID using the given encoding as type.
+func encodingToComponentID(encoding string) (*component.ID, error) {
+	componentType, err := component.NewType(encoding)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid component type: %w", err)
+	}
+	id := component.NewID(componentType)
+	return &id, nil
+}