[v0.37] Transaction Validator recovers from script parse panic

[jordanschalm]

Backport #6435

In some cases, the Cadence parser can panic rather than return an error. This PR changes the TransactionValidator -- which attempts to parse scripts as part of transaction validation -- to recover from such panics and return the recovered error.

See: https://github.com/dapperlabs/flow-go/issues/6964 and onflow/cadence#3428