url: more closely align url.parse() with WHATWHG URL

[Trott]

There are still lots of ways they are different, but this aligns
url.parse() a bit more closely with WHATWHG URL.

This is a follow-on to #42136 but includes breaking changes.

[Trott]

CITGM: https://ci.nodejs.org/view/Node.js-citgm/job/citgm-smoker/2860/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/42800/

[lpinca]

This is not related to this specific change but for non special protocols behavior should be different

> url.parse('sip:alice@atlanta.com')
Url {
  protocol: 'sip:',
  slashes: null,
  auth: 'alice',
  host: 'atlanta.com',
  port: null,
  hostname: 'atlanta.com',
  hash: null,
  search: null,
  query: null,
  pathname: null,
  path: null,
  href: 'sip:alice@atlanta.com'
}
> new URL('sip:alice@atlanta.com')
URL {
  href: 'sip:alice@atlanta.com',
  origin: 'null',
  protocol: 'sip:',
  username: '',
  password: '',
  host: '',
  hostname: '',
  port: '',
  pathname: 'alice@atlanta.com',
  search: '',
  searchParams: URLSearchParams {},
  hash: ''
}

Also, there are already some other known issues:

• https://hackerone.com/reports/771596

• > url.parse('\x0bhttp://example.com')
  Url {
    protocol: null,
    slashes: null,
    auth: null,
    host: null,
    port: null,
    hostname: null,
    hash: null,
    search: null,
    query: null,
    pathname: '\x0Bhttp://example.com',
    path: '\x0Bhttp://example.com',
    href: '\x0Bhttp://example.com'
  }
  > new URL('\x0bhttp://example.com')
  URL {
    href: 'http://example.com/',
    origin: 'http://example.com',
    protocol: 'http:',
    username: '',
    password: '',
    host: 'example.com',
    hostname: 'example.com',
    port: '',
    pathname: '/',
    search: '',
    searchParams: URLSearchParams {},
    hash: ''
  }
  

• > url.parse('http://@//127.0.0.1')
  Url {
    protocol: 'http:',
    slashes: true,
    auth: null,
    host: '',
    port: null,
    hostname: '',
    hash: null,
    search: null,
    query: null,
    pathname: '//127.0.0.1',
    path: '//127.0.0.1',
    href: 'http:////127.0.0.1'
  }
  > new URL('http://@//127.0.0.1')
  Uncaught TypeError [ERR_INVALID_URL]: Invalid URL
      at __node_internal_captureLargerStackTrace (node:internal/errors:465:5)
      at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:372:5)
      at onParseError (node:internal/url:563:9)
      at new URL (node:internal/url:643:5) {
    input: 'http://@//127.0.0.1',
    code: 'ERR_INVALID_URL'
  }
  

[Trott]

In its current state, this is broken enough that I'm going to move it to draft mode to avoid a raft of comments until I get it back into a more workable state.

[Trott]

I don't think this change should land so I'm going to close this.