[sqlite] Please add possibility to get prepared statement columns

[zdm]

What is the problem this feature will solve?

Our sqlite driver uses columns into to automatically decode content.
In any case this is useful functionality that can be used in many other cases (debugging, logging, etc.).

What is the feature you are proposing to solve the problem?

I am not familiar with the sqlite internal API but I think you need to expose sth.columns() method or something similar.

What alternatives have you considered?

No alternatives.

[cjihrig]

Addressed in #57490.