Steps to reproduces bug:-

1. Upload files to nextcloud(which include .jpeg, .gif, .webp)
2. run php occ preview:pre-generate
3. delete the .webp file
4. run php occ preview:pre-generate
5. the issue goes away

Nextcloud Log: -
{ "reqId": "QLuWknpRbkVx8NK49QA6", "level": 3, "time": "2021-11-11T14:58:35+00:00", "remoteAddr": "", "user": "--", "app": "PHP", "method": "", "url": "--", "message": "gd-webp cannot allocate temporary buffer at /var/www/html/lib/private/legacy/OC_Image.php#620", "userAgent": "--", "version": "22.2.0.2", "id": "618dc9bac3434" }

I guess this is similar issue.

Uploading this file definitely causes issues