Add custom middleware for global exception handling

[nanotaboada]

Description

Propose a custom middleware to handle exceptions globally in the application. The middleware should catch unhandled exceptions, log the error details, and return a standardized error response. The response format should follow RFC 7807 (Problem Details for HTTP APIs), ensuring consistency and better error representation in API responses.

Acceptance Criteria

• Create a middleware component to handle global exceptions.
• Return standardized error responses in RFC 7807 format including type, title, status, detail, and instance (optional).
• Ensure the middleware is registered in the application pipeline.
• Add unit tests to validate the middleware behavior.

Suggested Approach

• Create ExceptionMiddleware.cs

public class ExceptionMiddleware
{
    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, RequestDelegate next)
    {
        try { await next(context); }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            context.Response.ContentType = "application/problem+json";
            var problem = new ProblemDetails
            {
                Title = "An error occurred",
                Detail = ex.Message,
                Status = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError
            };
            await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonSerializer.Serialize(problem));
        }
    }
}

• Register in Program.cs:

app.UseMiddleware<ExceptionMiddleware>();

References

• 🔗 RFC 7807: Problem Details for HTTP APIs