✨📝 Revamp documentation

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR finally modernizes the documentation for the project and brings it up to date with the latest best practices.
Future bindings documentation now directly goes into the pyqmap.pyi file instead of bindings.cpp.
Furthermore, symbols from mqt.qmap.pyqmap are no longer re-exported as part of mqt.qmap.

Fixes #591

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.0%. Comparing base (7b4980f) to head (3d374c6).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #614     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   91.0%   91.0%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files        103     103             
  Lines      10869   10868      -1     
  Branches    1861    1861             
=======================================
- Hits        9899    9898      -1     
  Misses       970     970             

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	90.8% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 7b4980f
python	96.7% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qmap/__init__.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/clifford_synthesis.py	93.2% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/compile.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/plugins/qiskit.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/subarchitectures.py	95.4% <ø> (ø)

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