✨Add continuous testing workflow for Qiskit main branch

[burgholzer]

Description

This pull request introduces a continuous testing workflow to ensure compatibility with the latest changes in the Qiskit main branch. This addition aims to maintain project stability and address potential integration issues promptly.
This is especially critical in light of the upcoming Qiskit 2.0 release.

The respective workflow will run once a week, on pull requests that change the respective file, as well as on manual workflow triggers.
If the check fails, the workflow will create an issue on the repository with all the respective information.
Repeated failures are added as comments to the existing issue as long as the issue is open.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.0%. Comparing base (ae6f34f) to head (ef3461c).
Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #610     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   91.0%   91.0%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files        103     103             
  Lines      10900   10869     -31     
  Branches    1861    1861             
=======================================
- Hits        9928    9899     -29     
+ Misses       972     970      -2     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	90.8% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 5552f23
python	96.7% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qmap/load_calibration.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/plugins/qiskit.py	100.0% <100.0%> (+3.4%)	⬆️

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