Simplify multiplication, division and modulo operators

[sgraf812]

Seems like a fit for AlgebraicSimplifier. Not sure if this is even worthwhile.

Examples (in descending order of alleged viability):

• Division by invariant multiplication, original paper
• Realizing modulo as division and subtraction, then making use of the aforementioned transformation
• Integer multiplication by shifting (I'm not even sure if this yields an advantage, as the Backend would be the better place to do this while also making use of the ISA with instructions like lea)