[google-cloud-cpp] update to the latest release (2.19.0)

[devbww]

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[devbww]

Updates google-cloud-cpp to the latest release (v2.19.0).

Manually tested each one of the new features on x64-linux with:

for feature in edgenetwork sql telcoautomation; do
  ./vcpkg remove google-cloud-cpp
  ./vcpkg install "google-cloud-cpp[core,${feature}]" || break
done

Also tested with:

./vcpkg remove google-cloud-cpp && ./vcpkg install 'google-cloud-cpp[*]'

[devbww]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree company="Google"

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the update!