Apply more TSLint rules

[DanielRosenwasser]

Including

• One variable declaration per variable statement (see Rule to limit variable statements to a single declaration palantir/tslint#525)
• Spaces, not tabs
• No space preceding colons
• Double quotes for strings (though, depending on TSLint's behavior on this, we can be flexible.
• No explicit types for inferrable entities
• use namespace instead of module (see Add no-internal-module rule palantir/tslint#517)
• else/catch/etc. on a different line (see Complement to [one-line]? palantir/tslint#88)
• Space before { in interfaces, classes, enums, any sort of attached statement body, or type annotation.
• No trailing whitespace
• Forbid boolean/undefined parameters who aren't named.
• Forbid null

Any other suggestions?

[weswigham]

We also need a rule to capture having else and catch statements on the line after the closing curly of the previous statement. Open issue on tslint requesting a rule for it.

[RyanCavanaugh]

Do we have one for spaces between if and ( ?

[weswigham]

We also need one for the space after a method declaration but before the method body, ie disallowing:

class A {
    func(){

    }
}

and

class A {
    func(): void{

    }
}

[weswigham]

Also a rule for enforcing inferred typing on primitive literal declarations, ie

const member: string = "item"

should be

const member = "item"

[weswigham]

The rule added that will be added from this PR should also be enabled to disallow the module keyword for internal modules.

[weswigham]

@RyanCavanaugh "whitespace": [true, "check-branch"] should be covering that.

[weswigham]

From this PR:

Use named parameter

A rule to forbid boolean parameters who aren't named.

[weswigham]

...also a no trailing whitespace rule.

[danquirk]

I tried to apply the no trailing whitespace rule locally but too many people are using editors where newline causes a smart indent that inserts whitespace. So then tslint flags tons of seemingly blank newlines as having trailing whitespace (because they're not simply a \n or \r\n). Would be nice to have on though.