[ci] [R-package] Add a few more linters

[CuriousCorrelation]

1. Fixes any_is_na_linter to any_is_na as per rest of the linter convention.
2. Completes following tasks
   • any_duplicated_linter()
   • inner_combine_linter()
   • literal_coercion_linter()
   • missing_argument_linter()
   • numeric_leading_zero_linter()
   • outer_negation_linter()
   • package_hooks_linter()
   • sprintf_linter()
   • regex_subset_linter()
   • unreachable_code_linter()
   • vector_logic_linter()

of #5303

[jameslamb]

Excellent, thank you! I'm especially excited about unreachable_code_linter() and sprintf_linter(). Those catch issues that can sometimes be difficult to find during code review.

[jameslamb]

@CuriousCorrelation I've changed the title of this PR to "Add a few more linters". The detail that these are all in one PR because they require no changes to the codebase is very useful information for reviewers, but I don't think it's important for users of the project when looking through release notes.

In this project, PR titles automatically become items in the release notes (e.g. https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/releases/tag/v3.3.0).

[CuriousCorrelation]

@jameslamb Yeah I noticed the entry in vsts-ci config, so it makes perfect sense. Also that's a very well made setup!
Thank you for taking time to explain the changes.

[github-actions]

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