A (very) slight speed improvement for iterating over bytes (python#21705

)

My mentee @xvxvxvxvxv noticed that iterating over array.array is
slightly faster than iterating over bytes.  Looking at the source I
observed that arrayiter_next() calls `getitem(ao, it->index++)` wheras
striter_next() uses the idiom (paraphrased)

    item = PyLong_FromLong(seq->ob_sval[it->it_index]);
    if (item != NULL)
        ++it->it_next;
    return item;

I'm not 100% sure but I think that the second version has fewer
opportunity for the CPU to overlap the `index++` operation with the
rest of the code (which in both cases involves a call).  So here I am
optimistically incrementing the index -- if the PyLong_FromLong() call
fails, this will leave the iterator pointing at the next byte, but
honestly I doubt that anyone would seriously consider resuming use of
the iterator after that kind of failure (it would have to be a
MemoryError).  And the author of arrayiter_next() made the same
consideration (or never ever gave it a thought :-).

With this, a loop like

    for _ in b: pass

is now slightly *faster* than the same thing over an equivalent array,
rather than slightly *slower* (in both cases a few percent).

Objects/bytesobject.c

@@ -3139,7 +3139,6 @@ static PyObject *
 striter_next(striterobject *it)
 {
     PyBytesObject *seq;
-    PyObject *item;
 
     assert(it != NULL);
     seq = it->it_seq;
@@ -3148,11 +3147,8 @@ striter_next(striterobject *it)
     assert(PyBytes_Check(seq));
 
     if (it->it_index < PyBytes_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
-        item = PyLong_FromLong(
-            (unsigned char)seq->ob_sval[it->it_index]);
-        if (item != NULL)
-            ++it->it_index;
-        return item;
+        return PyLong_FromLong(
+            (unsigned char)seq->ob_sval[it->it_index++]);
     }
 
     it->it_seq = NULL;