This crate provides a fast implementation of Decimal fixed-point arithmetics. It is targeted at typical business applications, dealing with numbers representing quantities, money and the like, not at scientific computations, for which the accuracy of floating point math is - in most cases - sufficient.

Objectives

• "Exact" representation of decimal numbers (no deviation as with binary floating point numbers)
• No hidden rounding errors (as inherent to floating point math)
• Very fast operations (by mapping them to integer ops)
• Range of representable decimal numbers sufficient for typical business applications

At the binary level a Decimal number is represented as a coefficient (stored as an i128 value) combined with a value specifying the number of fractional decimal digits (stored as a u8). The latter is limited to a value given by the constant MAX_N_FRAC_DIGITS = 18.

Status

Work in progess, but most of the API is stable.

Getting started

Add fpdec to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
fpdec = "0.10"

Usage

A Decimal number can be created in different ways.

The easiest method is to use the procedural macro Dec:

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let d = Dec!(-17.5);
assert_eq!(d.to_string(), "-17.5");

Alternatively you can convert an integer, a float or a string to a Decimal:

# use fpdec::Decimal;
let d = Decimal::from(297_i32);
assert_eq!(d.to_string(), "297");

# use fpdec::{Decimal, DecimalError};
# use core::convert::TryFrom;
let d = Decimal::try_from(83.25_f64)?;
assert_eq!(d.to_string(), "83.25");
# Ok::<(), DecimalError>(())

# use fpdec::{Decimal, ParseDecimalError};
# use core::str::FromStr;
let d = Decimal::from_str("38.2070")?;
assert_eq!(d.to_string(), "38.2070");
# Ok::<(), ParseDecimalError>(())

The sign of a Decimal can be inverted using the unary minus operator and a Decimal instance can be compared to other instances of type Decimal or all basic types of integers (besides u128):

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let x = Dec!(129.24);
let y = -x;
assert_eq!(y.to_string(), "-129.24");
assert!(-129_i64 > y);
let z = -y;
assert_eq!(x, z);
let z = Dec!(0.00097);
assert!(x > z);
assert!(y <= z);
assert!(z != 7_u32);
assert!(7_u32 == Dec!(7.00));

Decimal supports all five binary numerical operators +, -, *, /, and %, with two Decimals or with a Decimal and a basic integer (besides u128):

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let x = Dec!(17.5);
let y = Dec!(6.40);
let z = x + y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "23.90");
let z = x - y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "11.10");
let z = x * y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "112.000");
let z = x / y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "2.734375");
let z = x % y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "4.70");

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let x = Dec!(17.5);
let y = -5_i64;
let z = x + y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "12.5");
let z = x - y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "22.5");
let z = y * x;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "-87.5");
let z = x / y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "-3.5");
let z = x % y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "2.5");

The results of Multiplication or Division are not exact in any case. If the number of fractional decimal digits of the exact result would exceed MAX_N_FRAC_DIGITS fractional decimal digits, the result given is rounded to fit this limit.

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let x = Dec!(1e-10);
let y = Dec!(75e-9);
let z = x * y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "0.000000000000000008");
let x = Dec!(1.);
let y = Dec!(3.);
let z = x / y;
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "0.333333333333333333");

All these binary numeric operators panic if the result is not representable as a Decimal according to the constraints stated above. In addition, there are functions implementing "checked" variants of the operators which return Option::None instead of panicking.

For Multiplication and Division there are also functions which return a result rounded to a given number of fractional digits:

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal, DivRounded, MulRounded};
let x = Dec!(17.5);
let y = Dec!(6.47);
let z: Decimal = x.mul_rounded(y, 1);
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "113.2");
let z: Decimal = x.div_rounded(y, 3);
assert_eq!(z.to_string(), "2.705");

A Decimal value can be converted into a float, maybe rounded to the nearest value representable by the target type:

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal};
let d = Dec!(-33820900478.195);
let f = f64::from(d);
assert_eq!(f, -33820900478.19499969482421875_f64);
let f = f32::from(Dec!(0.6));
assert_eq!(f, 0.60000002384185791015625_f32);

Converting a Decimal value to a primitive int is more intricate. It is only supported by try_from / try_into and only giving a value of the target type, if the given value represents an integral value fitting the range of values of the target type.

# use fpdec::{Dec, Decimal, TryFromDecimalError};
let d = Dec!(3.7);
let res = i32::try_from(d);
assert!(res.is_err());
assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err(), TryFromDecimalError::NotAnIntValue);
let d = Decimal::MAX;
let res = i128::try_from(d);
assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), i128::MAX);
let res = i64::try_from(d);
assert!(res.is_err());
assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err(), TryFromDecimalError::ValueOutOfRange);

Crate features

By default, only the feature std is enabled.

Ecosystem

• std - When enabled, this will cause fpdec to use the standard library, so that conversion to string, formatting and printing are available. When disabled, the use of crate alloc together with a system-specific allocator is needed to use that functionality.

• packed - When enabled, the struct Decimal is marked with #[repr(packed)].

Optional dependencies

• num-traits - When enabled, the trait num-traits::Num is implemented for Decimal.

• serde-as-str - When enabled, support for serde is enabled. This allows Decimal instances to be serialzed as strings and to be deserialized from strings via serde.

• rkyv - When enabled, support for rkyv is enabled. This allows Decimal instances to be zero-copy serialized and deserialized via rkyv archives.