Example cpp_read fails at linker on Ubuntu 22.04

[MissingBracket]

Please review whether available library is properly compiled and provided examples are adequate to available version.

Project cpp_read failes during linker phase with output :

/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccpI2Ms1.o: in function main': geomtry.cpp:(.text+0x4e): undefined reference to geos::io::WKTReader::WKTReader(geos::geom::GeometryFactory const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: geomtry.cpp:(.text+0x296): undefined reference to geos::io::WKTReader::~WKTReader()' /usr/bin/ld: geomtry.cpp:(.text+0x380): undefined reference to geos::io::WKTReader::~WKTReader()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Compiled with g++ cpp_read.cpp -lgeos

I am on Ubuntu 22.04 with, as of time of writing, up-to-date libgeos and libgeos++-dev packages installed :

$ apt list --installed | grep libgeos

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
libgeos++-dev/jammy,now 3.10.2-1 amd64 [installed]
libgeos-c1v5/jammy,now 3.10.2-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libgeos-dev/jammy,now 3.10.2-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libgeos3.10.2/jammy,now 3.10.2-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

On my older machine with geos 3.8.0 installed everything works fine.

While digging with readelf and nm I found out that there might be missing definitions for constructor and destructor declarations.
Output for geos.so.3.8.0:
$ nm --print-file-name --dynamic /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so | grep -i wktreader

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000104830 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader11getNextWordB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000001046a0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader12isNumberNextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000104fe0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader13getNextCloserB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000001046c0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader13getNextNumberEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000105040 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader13readPointTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000104be0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader14getCoordinatesEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000105c30 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader15readPolygonTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000001051d0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader18readLinearRingTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000105150 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader18readLineStringTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000105250 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader18readMultiPointTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000104b60 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20getNextCloserOrCommaB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000001049b0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20getNextEmptyOrOpenerB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000104760 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20getPreciseCoordinateEPNS0_15StringTokenizerERNS_4geom10CoordinateERm
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000106440 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20readMultiPolygonTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000106cc0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader22readGeometryTaggedTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000106160 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader23readMultiLineStringTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000001069e0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader26readGeometryCollectionTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000106f00 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader4readERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985b0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC1EPKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985d0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC1ERKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985f0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC1Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985b0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2EPKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985d0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2ERKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985f0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000098610 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderD1Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000098610 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderD2Ev

Output for geos.3.10.2 :
$ nm --print-file-name --dynamic /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so | grep -i wktreader

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:00000000001092e0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader11getNextWordB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000106b30 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader12isNumberNextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010a940 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader13getNextCloserB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109190 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader13getNextNumberEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109640 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20getNextCloserOrCommaB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109450 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReader20getNextEmptyOrOpenerB5cxx11EPNS0_15StringTokenizerERm
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010a9a0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader13readPointTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:00000000001096c0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader14getCoordinatesEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109bf0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader15readPolygonTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109b70 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader18readLinearRingTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109af0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader18readLineStringTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010aad0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader18readMultiPointTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000109220 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader20getPreciseCoordinateEPNS0_15StringTokenizerERNS_4geom10CoordinateERm
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010a400 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader20readMultiPolygonTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010b3c0 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader22readGeometryTaggedTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010a130 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader23readMultiLineStringTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:000000000010b600 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader26readGeometryCollectionTextEPNS0_15StringTokenizerE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos.so:0000000000105250 T _ZNK4geos2io9WKTReader4readERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE

Please note shorter output and lack of definitions

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985f0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC1Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985b0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2EPKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985d0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2ERKNS_4geom15GeometryFactoryE
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:00000000000985f0 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderC2Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000098610 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderD1Ev
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgeos-3.8.0.so:0000000000098610 T _ZN4geos2io9WKTReaderD2Ev

Are there any additional steps I am not aware of? Has anything changed and somehow skipped the documentation update?

[szymor]

Try defining GEOS_INLINE macro in your code before header file inclusion.

[MissingBracket]

Try defining GEOS_INLINE macro in your code before header file inclusion.

Added macro to a flie within the project. This only led to g++ throwing an error :

/usr/include/geos/geom/Coordinate.h:164:11: fatal error: geos/geom/Coordinate.inl: No such file or directory
164 | # include "geos/geom/Coordinate.inl"
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

While this probably could be quick-fixed by supplying file from repo, I can't help but raise a question whether Ubuntu Repositories' version of Geos has been properly configured?

Furthermore : On yet another machine I've installed Geos from source, latest release 3.11.1
Having performed the simplest installation :
make && make install
my project compiles and links without an issue. Even without GEOS_INLINE defined within code.

According to documentation nothing has changed at WKTReader that would break previously working code, yet I've managed to replicate this error on three different machines with Geos 3.10.2 and clean Ubuntu install.
Then again, with library built and installed from source(3.11.1) everything works out-of-the-box.

[szymor]

Yeah, I know that in 3.11 this macro is redundant as it is not used anymore in the headers.

On the other hand I cannot build the example for C++ against 3.11.1 as I got linking errors related to uninstantiated templates. I am glad to hear it works for somebody.

[pramsey]

I would say you've demonstrated pretty conclusively that this is a packaging error on the part of the Ubuntu packagers, maybe because they only build against the C API themselves so they never notice that they've done a bad job of packaging the C++ headers.