[C++] Fix Windows build issues about static library (apache#10956)

### Motivation

On Windows Platform, .lib files can be either **static libraries** or **import libraries**. For example, when we build an executable with dynamic linking, we need to link to `xxx.lib` during compilation and `xxx.dll` for running. The `xxx.lib` here is not the static library but the import library that is associated with the dynamic library.

Currently if C++ library is built on Windows using release mode, following files wil be generated under `<BUILD_DIR>\lib\Release`:
- pulsar.dll
- pulsar.lib

However, the associated import library (`pulsar.lib`) of `pulsar.dll` is overwritten by the static library because they share the same name. So we must set `-DBUILD_STATIC_LIB=OFF` option to disable building static libraries. However, it will fail on Windows:

```
CMake Error at lib/CMakeLists.txt:100 (target_include_directories):
  Cannot specify include directories for target "pulsarStatic" which is not
  built by this project.
```

### Modifications

- For MSVC compiler on Windows, use a different name for the static library to avoid overwriting the import library.
- Fix the CMake failure when `-DBUILD_STATIC_LIB=OFF` is configured.
- Add CI to build C++ client without static library on Windows.

After this change, if C++ library is built on Windows using release mode, following files wil be generated under `<BUILD_DIR>\lib\Release`:
- pulsar.dll: the dynamic library
- pulsar.lib: the import library associated with pulsar.dll
- pulsar-static.lib: the static library

.github/workflows/ci-cpp-build-windows.yaml

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd pulsar-client-cpp && vcpkg install --triplet ${{ matrix.triplet }}
 
-      - name: Configure
+      - name: Configure (default)
         if: ${{ steps.check_changes.outputs.docs_only != 'true' }}
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -95,4 +95,29 @@ jobs:
           if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Windows" ]; then
             cd pulsar-client-cpp && \
             cmake --build ./build
-          fi
+          fi
+
+      - name: Configure (dynamic library only)
+        if: ${{ steps.check_changes.outputs.docs_only != 'true' }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Windows" ]; then
+            cd pulsar-client-cpp && \
+            cmake \
+              -B ./build-1 \
+              -G "${{ matrix.generator }}" ${{ matrix.arch }} \
+              -DBUILD_PYTHON_WRAPPER=OFF -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+              -DVCPKG_TRIPLET=${{ matrix.triplet }} \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+              -DBUILD_STATIC_LIB=OFF \
+              -S .
+          fi
+
+      - name: Compile
+        if: ${{ steps.check_changes.outputs.docs_only != 'true' }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Windows" ]; then
+            cd pulsar-client-cpp && \
+            cmake --build ./build-1
+          fi

pulsar-client-cpp/lib/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ if (BUILD_DYNAMIC_LIB)
     set_property(TARGET pulsarShared PROPERTY OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_NAME_SHARED})
     set_property(TARGET pulsarShared PROPERTY VERSION ${LIBRARY_VERSION})
     target_link_libraries(pulsarShared ${COMMON_LIBS} ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
+    if (MSVC)
+        target_include_directories(pulsarShared PRIVATE ${dlfcn-win32_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        target_link_options(pulsarShared PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:DEBUG>:/NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT>)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 
@@ -87,17 +91,16 @@ endif()
 
 if (BUILD_STATIC_LIB)
     add_library(pulsarStatic STATIC $<TARGET_OBJECTS:PULSAR_OBJECT_LIB>)
-    set_property(TARGET pulsarStatic PROPERTY OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_NAME})
+    if (MSVC)
+        set_property(TARGET pulsarStatic PROPERTY OUTPUT_NAME "${LIB_NAME}-static")
+        target_include_directories(pulsarStatic PRIVATE ${dlfcn-win32_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    else ()
+        set_property(TARGET pulsarStatic PROPERTY OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_NAME})
+    endif()
     set_property(TARGET pulsarStatic PROPERTY VERSION ${LIBRARY_VERSION})
     target_compile_definitions(pulsarStatic PRIVATE PULSAR_STATIC)
 endif()
 
-if (MSVC)
-    target_include_directories(pulsarStatic PRIVATE ${dlfcn-win32_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    target_include_directories(pulsarShared PRIVATE ${dlfcn-win32_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    target_link_options(pulsarShared PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:DEBUG>:/NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT>)
-endif()
-
 # When linking statically, install a libpulsar.a that contains all the
 # required dependencies except ssl
 if (LINK_STATIC AND BUILD_STATIC_LIB)