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Merge branch 'tty-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/…
…git/gregkh/tty-2.6 * 'tty-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty-2.6: (36 commits) serial: apbuart: Fixup apbuart_console_init() TTY: Add tty ioctl to figure device node of the system console. tty: add 'active' sysfs attribute to tty0 and console device drivers: serial: apbuart: Handle OF failures gracefully Serial: Avoid unbalanced IRQ wake disable during resume tty: fix typos/errors in tty_driver.h comments pch_uart : fix warnings for 64bit compile 8250: fix uninitialized FIFOs ip2: fix compiler warning on ip2main_pci_tbl specialix: fix compiler warning on specialix_pci_tbl rocket: fix compiler warning on rocket_pci_ids 8250: add a UPIO_DWAPB32 for 32 bit accesses 8250: use container_of() instead of casting serial: omap-serial: Add support for kernel debugger serial: fix pch_uart kconfig & build drivers: char: hvc: add arm JTAG DCC console support RS485 documentation: add 16C950 UART description serial: ifx6x60: fix memory leak serial: ifx6x60: free IRQ on error Serial: EG20T: add PCH_UART driver ... Fixed up conflicts in drivers/serial/apbuart.c with evil merge that makes the code look fairly sane (unlike either side).
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What: /sys/class/tty/console/active | ||
Date: Nov 2010 | ||
Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> | ||
Description: | ||
Shows the list of currently configured | ||
console devices, like 'tty1 ttyS0'. | ||
The last entry in the file is the active | ||
device connected to /dev/console. | ||
The file supports poll() to detect virtual | ||
console switches. | ||
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What: /sys/class/tty/tty0/active | ||
Date: Nov 2010 | ||
Contact: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> | ||
Description: | ||
Shows the currently active virtual console | ||
device, like 'tty1'. | ||
The file supports poll() to detect virtual | ||
console switches. |
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RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS | ||
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1. INTRODUCTION | ||
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EIA-485, also known as TIA/EIA-485 or RS-485, is a standard defining the | ||
electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in balanced | ||
digital multipoint systems. | ||
This standard is widely used for communications in industrial automation | ||
because it can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically | ||
noisy environments. | ||
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2. HARDWARE-RELATED CONSIDERATIONS | ||
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Some CPUs/UARTs (e.g., Atmel AT91 or 16C950 UART) contain a built-in | ||
half-duplex mode capable of automatically controlling line direction by | ||
toggling RTS or DTR signals. That can be used to control external | ||
half-duplex hardware like an RS485 transceiver or any RS232-connected | ||
half-duplex devices like some modems. | ||
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For these microcontrollers, the Linux driver should be made capable of | ||
working in both modes, and proper ioctls (see later) should be made | ||
available at user-level to allow switching from one mode to the other, and | ||
vice versa. | ||
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3. DATA STRUCTURES ALREADY AVAILABLE IN THE KERNEL | ||
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The Linux kernel provides the serial_rs485 structure (see [1]) to handle | ||
RS485 communications. This data structure is used to set and configure RS485 | ||
parameters in the platform data and in ioctls. | ||
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Any driver for devices capable of working both as RS232 and RS485 should | ||
provide at least the following ioctls: | ||
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- TIOCSRS485 (typically associated with number 0x542F). This ioctl is used | ||
to enable/disable RS485 mode from user-space | ||
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- TIOCGRS485 (typically associated with number 0x542E). This ioctl is used | ||
to get RS485 mode from kernel-space (i.e., driver) to user-space. | ||
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In other words, the serial driver should contain a code similar to the next | ||
one: | ||
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static struct uart_ops atmel_pops = { | ||
/* ... */ | ||
.ioctl = handle_ioctl, | ||
}; | ||
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static int handle_ioctl(struct uart_port *port, | ||
unsigned int cmd, | ||
unsigned long arg) | ||
{ | ||
struct serial_rs485 rs485conf; | ||
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switch (cmd) { | ||
case TIOCSRS485: | ||
if (copy_from_user(&rs485conf, | ||
(struct serial_rs485 *) arg, | ||
sizeof(rs485conf))) | ||
return -EFAULT; | ||
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/* ... */ | ||
break; | ||
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case TIOCGRS485: | ||
if (copy_to_user((struct serial_rs485 *) arg, | ||
..., | ||
sizeof(rs485conf))) | ||
return -EFAULT; | ||
/* ... */ | ||
break; | ||
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/* ... */ | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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4. USAGE FROM USER-LEVEL | ||
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From user-level, RS485 configuration can be get/set using the previous | ||
ioctls. For instance, to set RS485 you can use the following code: | ||
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#include <linux/serial.h> | ||
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/* Driver-specific ioctls: */ | ||
#define TIOCGRS485 0x542E | ||
#define TIOCSRS485 0x542F | ||
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/* Open your specific device (e.g., /dev/mydevice): */ | ||
int fd = open ("/dev/mydevice", O_RDWR); | ||
if (fd < 0) { | ||
/* Error handling. See errno. */ | ||
} | ||
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struct serial_rs485 rs485conf; | ||
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/* Set RS485 mode: */ | ||
rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_ENABLED; | ||
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/* Set rts delay before send, if needed: */ | ||
rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_BEFORE_SEND; | ||
rs485conf.delay_rts_before_send = ...; | ||
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/* Set rts delay after send, if needed: */ | ||
rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_AFTER_SEND; | ||
rs485conf.delay_rts_after_send = ...; | ||
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if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSRS485, &rs485conf) < 0) { | ||
/* Error handling. See errno. */ | ||
} | ||
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/* Use read() and write() syscalls here... */ | ||
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/* Close the device when finished: */ | ||
if (close (fd) < 0) { | ||
/* Error handling. See errno. */ | ||
} | ||
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5. REFERENCES | ||
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[1] include/linux/serial.h |
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