Implement trait foundations

Cargo.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ bincode = "2"
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["net", "signal", "rt-multi-thread", "macros", "sync", "time"] }
 futures = "0.3"
 num_cpus = "^1"
+async-trait = "0.1"
+bytes = "1"
 
 [lints.clippy]
 pedantic = "warn"

docs/roadmap.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ after formatting. Line numbers below refer to that file.
         `WireframeApp` instance from a factory closure. A Ctrl+C signal triggers
         graceful shutdown, notifying all workers to stop accepting new
         connections.
-  - [ ] Standardise supporting trait definitions.
+  - [x] Standardize supporting trait definitions.
         Provide naming conventions and generic bounds for the
         `FrameProcessor` trait, state extractors and middleware via
         `async_trait` and associated types.

docs/rust-binary-router-library-design.md

@@ -769,13 +769,14 @@ within handlers.
 
   ````rustrust
   use wireframe::dev::{MessageRequest, Payload}; // Hypothetical types
-  use std::future::Future;
 
   pub trait FromMessageRequest: Sized {
       type Error: Into<wireframe::Error>; // Error type if extraction fails
-      type Future: Future<Output = Result<Self, Self::Error>>;
 
-      fn from_message_request(req: &MessageRequest, payload: &mut Payload) -> Self::Future;
+      fn from_message_request(
+          req: &MessageRequest,
+          payload: &mut Payload,
+      ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
   }
 
   ```rust

src/extractor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// Request context passed to extractors.
+///
+/// This type contains metadata about the current connection and provides
+/// access to application state registered with [`WireframeApp`].
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct MessageRequest {
+    /// Address of the peer that sent the current message.
+    pub peer_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+}
+
+/// Raw payload buffer handed to extractors.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Payload<'a> {
+    /// Incoming bytes not yet processed.
+    pub data: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+impl Payload<'_> {
+    /// Advances the payload by `count` bytes.
+    ///
+    /// Consumes up to `count` bytes from the front of the slice, ensuring we
+    /// never slice beyond the available buffer.
+    pub fn advance(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        let n = count.min(self.data.len());
+        self.data = &self.data[n..];
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of bytes remaining.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn remaining(&self) -> usize {
+        self.data.len()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for extracting data from a [`MessageRequest`].
+pub trait FromMessageRequest: Sized {
+    /// Error type returned when extraction fails.
+    type Error: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static;
+
+    /// Perform extraction from the request and payload.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if extraction fails.
+    fn from_message_request(
+        req: &MessageRequest,
+        payload: &mut Payload<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// Shared application state accessible to handlers.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SharedState<T: Send + Sync>(Arc<T>);
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync> SharedState<T> {
+    /// Construct a new [`SharedState`].
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// use std::sync::Arc;
+    /// use wireframe::extractor::SharedState;
+    ///
+    /// let data = Arc::new(5u32);
+    /// let state = SharedState::new(Arc::clone(&data));
+    /// assert_eq!(*state, 5);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use]
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn advance_consumes_bytes() {
+        let mut payload = Payload { data: b"hello" };
+        payload.advance(2);
+        assert_eq!(payload.data, b"llo");
+        payload.advance(10);
+        assert!(payload.data.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remaining_reports_length() {
+        let mut payload = Payload { data: b"abc" };
+        assert_eq!(payload.remaining(), 3);
+        payload.advance(1);
+        assert_eq!(payload.remaining(), 2);
+    }
+}
+    /// Creates a new `SharedState` instance wrapping the provided `Arc<T>`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::sync::Arc;
+    /// let state = Arc::new(42);
+    /// let shared = SharedState::new(state.clone());
+    /// assert_eq!(*shared, 42);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(inner: Arc<T>) -> Self {
+        Self(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync> std::ops::Deref for SharedState<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the inner shared state value.
+    ///
+    /// This allows transparent access to the underlying state managed by `SharedState`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::sync::Arc;
+    /// let state = Arc::new(42);
+    /// let shared = SharedState::new(state.clone());
+    /// assert_eq!(*shared, 42);
+    /// ```
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}

src/frame.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use bytes::BytesMut;
+
+/// Trait defining how raw bytes are decoded into frames and how frames are
+/// encoded back into bytes for transmission.
+///
+/// The `Frame` associated type represents a logical unit extracted from or
+/// written to the wire. Errors are represented by the `Error` associated type,
+/// which must implement [`std::error::Error`].
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait FrameProcessor: Send + Sync {
+    /// Logical frame type extracted from the stream.
+    type Frame;
+
+    /// Error type returned by `decode` and `encode`.
+    type Error: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static;
+
+    /// Attempt to decode the next frame from `src`.
+    async fn decode(&mut self, src: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<Option<Self::Frame>, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Encode `frame` and append the bytes to `dst`.
+    async fn encode(&mut self, frame: &Self::Frame, dst: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 pub mod app;
+pub mod extractor;
+pub mod frame;
 pub mod message;
+pub mod middleware;
 pub mod server;

src/middleware.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+/// Incoming request wrapper passed through middleware.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ServiceRequest;
+
+/// Response produced by a handler or middleware.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ServiceResponse;
+
+/// Continuation used by middleware to call the next service in the chain.
+pub struct Next<'a, S>
+where
+    S: Service + ?Sized,
+{
+    service: &'a S,
+}
+
+impl<'a, S> Next<'a, S>
+where
+    S: Service + ?Sized,
+{
+    /// Creates a new `Next` instance wrapping a reference to the given service.
+    ///
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// use wireframe::middleware::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Next, Service};
+/// ```
+    /// Service produced by the middleware.
+    type Wrapped: Service;
+    async fn transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Wrapped;
+    /// let service = MyService::default();
+    /// let next = Next::new(&service);
+    type Wrapped: Service;
+    async fn transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Wrapped;
+        Self { service }
+    }
+
+    /// Call the next service with the given request.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Asynchronously invokes the next service in the middleware chain with the given request.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the response from the wrapped service, or propagates any error produced.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use your_crate::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Next, Service};
+    /// # struct DummyService;
+    /// # #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    /// # impl Service for DummyService {
+    /// #     type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
+    /// #     async fn call(&self, _req: ServiceRequest) -> Result<ServiceResponse, Self::Error> {
+    /// #         Ok(ServiceResponse::default())
+    /// #     }
+    /// # }
+    /// # let service = DummyService;
+    /// let next = Next::new(&service);
+    /// let req = ServiceRequest {};
+    /// let res = tokio_test::block_on(next.call(req));
+    /// assert!(res.is_ok());
+    /// ```
+    pub async fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Result<ServiceResponse, S::Error> {
+        self.service.call(req).await
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait representing an asynchronous service.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait Service: Send + Sync {
+    /// Error type returned by the service.
+    type Error: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static;
+
+    /// Handle the incoming request and produce a response.
+    async fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Result<ServiceResponse, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// Factory for wrapping services with middleware.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait Transform<S>: Send + Sync
+where
+    S: Service,
+{
+    /// Wrapped service produced by the middleware.
+    type Output: Service;
+
+    /// Create a new middleware service wrapping `service`.
+    async fn transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Output;
+}