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+---
+layout: blog
+title: 'Kubernetes v1.31 中的移除和主要变更'
+date: 2024-07-19
+slug: kubernetes-1-31-upcoming-changes
+author: >
+  Abigail McCarthy,
+  Edith Puclla,
+  Matteo Bianchi,
+  Rashan Smith,
+  Yigit Demirbas 
+translator: >
+  Xin Li (DaoCloud)
+---
+
+<!--
+layout: blog
+title: 'Kubernetes Removals and Major Changes In v1.31'
+date: 2024-07-19
+slug: kubernetes-1-31-upcoming-changes
+author: >
+  Abigail McCarthy,
+  Edith Puclla,
+  Matteo Bianchi,
+  Rashan Smith,
+  Yigit Demirbas 
+-->
+
+<!--
+As Kubernetes develops and matures, features may be deprecated, removed, or replaced with better ones for the project's overall health. 
+This article outlines some planned changes for the Kubernetes v1.31 release that the release team feels you should be aware of for the continued maintenance of your Kubernetes environment. 
+The information listed below is based on the current status of the v1.31 release. 
+It may change before the actual release date. 
+-->
+随着 Kubernetes 的发展和成熟，为了项目的整体健康，某些特性可能会被弃用、删除或替换为更好的特性。
+本文阐述了 Kubernetes v1.31 版本的一些更改计划，发行团队认为你应当了解这些更改，
+以便持续维护 Kubernetes 环境。
+下面列出的信息基于 v1.31 版本的当前状态；这些状态可能会在实际发布日期之前发生变化。
+
+<!--
+## The Kubernetes API removal and deprecation process
+The Kubernetes project has a well-documented [deprecation policy](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/) for features. 
+This policy states that stable APIs may only be deprecated when a newer, stable version of that API is available and that APIs have a minimum lifetime for each stability level.
+A deprecated API has been marked for removal in a future Kubernetes release. 
+It will continue to function until removal (at least one year from the deprecation), but usage will display a warning. 
+Removed APIs are no longer available in the current version, so you must migrate to using the replacement.
+-->
+## Kubernetes API 删除和弃用流程
+
+Kubernetes 项目针对其功能特性有一个详细说明的[弃用策略](/zh-cn/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/)。
+此策略规定，只有当某稳定 API 的更新、稳定版本可用时，才可以弃用该 API，并且 API
+的各个稳定性级别都有对应的生命周期下限。
+已弃用的 API 标记为在未来的 Kubernetes 版本中删除，
+这类 API 将继续发挥作用，直至被删除（从弃用起至少一年），但使用时会显示警告。
+已删除的 API 在当前版本中不再可用，因此你必须将其迁移到替换版本。
+
+<!--
+* Generally available (GA) or stable API versions may be marked as deprecated but must not be removed within a major version of Kubernetes.
+
+* Beta or pre-release API versions must be supported for 3 releases after the deprecation.
+
+* Alpha or experimental API versions may be removed in any release without prior deprecation notice.
+-->
+* 正式发布的（GA）或稳定的 API 版本可被标记为已弃用，但不得在 Kubernetes 主要版本未变时删除。
+
+* Beta 或预发布 API 版本在被弃用后，必须保持 3 个发布版本中仍然可用。
+
+* Alpha 或实验性 API 版本可以在任何版本中删除，不必提前通知。
+
+<!--
+Whether an API is removed because a feature graduated from beta to stable or because that API did not succeed, all removals comply with this deprecation policy. 
+Whenever an API is removed, migration options are communicated in the [documentation](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/).
+-->
+无论 API 是因为某个特性从 Beta 版升级到稳定版，还是因为此 API 未成功而被删除，所有删除都将符合此弃用策略。
+每当删除 API 时，迁移选项都会在[文档](/zh-cn/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/)中传达。
+
+<!--
+## A note about SHA-1 signature support
+
+In [go1.18](https://go.dev/doc/go1.18#sha1) (released in March 2022), the crypto/x509 library started to reject certificates signed with a SHA-1 hash function. 
+While SHA-1 is established to be unsafe and publicly trusted Certificate Authorities have not issued SHA-1 certificates since 2015, there might still be cases in the context of Kubernetes where user-provided certificates are signed using a SHA-1 hash function through private authorities with them being used for Aggregated API Servers or webhooks. 
+If you have relied on SHA-1 based certificates, you must explicitly opt back into its support by setting `GODEBUG=x509sha1=1` in your environment.
+-->
+## 关于 SHA-1 签名支持的说明
+
+在 [go1.18](https://go.dev/doc/go1.18#sha1)（2022 年 3 月发布）中，crypto/x509
+库开始拒绝使用 SHA-1 哈希函数签名的证书。
+虽然 SHA-1 被确定为不安全，并且公众信任的证书颁发机构自 2015 年以来就没有颁发过 SHA-1 证书，
+但在 Kubernetes 环境中，仍可能存在用户提供的证书通过私人颁发机构使用 SHA-1 哈希函数签名的情况，
+这些证书用于聚合 API 服务器或 Webhook。
+如果你依赖基于 SHA-1 的证书，则必须通过在环境中设置 `GODEBUG=x509sha1=1` 以明确选择重新支持这种证书。
+
+<!--
+Given Go's [compatibility policy for GODEBUGs](https://go.dev/blog/compat), the `x509sha1` GODEBUG and the support for SHA-1 certificates will [fully go away in go1.24](https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.23) which will be released in the first half of 2025. 
+If you rely on SHA-1 certificates, please start moving off them.
+
+Please see [Kubernetes issue #125689](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/125689) to get a better idea of timelines around the support for SHA-1 going away, when Kubernetes releases plans to adopt go1.24, and for more details on how to detect usage of SHA-1 certificates via metrics and audit logging. 
+-->
+鉴于 Go 的 [GODEBUG 兼容性策略](https://go.dev/blog/compat)，`x509sha1` GODEBUG
+和对 SHA-1 证书的支持将 [在 2025 年上半年发布的 go1.24](https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.23)
+中完全消失。
+如果你依赖 SHA-1 证书，请开始放弃使用它们。
+
+请参阅 [Kubernetes 问题 #125689](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/125689)，
+以更好地了解对 SHA-1 支持的时间表，以及 Kubernetes 发布采用 go1.24
+的计划时间、如何通过指标和审计日志检测 SHA-1 证书使用情况的更多详细信息。
+
+<!--
+## Deprecations and removals in Kubernetes 1.31
+
+### Deprecation of `status.nodeInfo.kubeProxyVersion` field for Nodes ([KEP 4004](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/4004))
+-->
+## Kubernetes 1.31 中的弃用和删除
+
+### 弃用节点的 `status.nodeInfo.kubeProxyVersion` 字段（[KEP 4004](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/4004)）
+
+<!--
+The `.status.nodeInfo.kubeProxyVersion` field of Nodes is being deprecated in Kubernetes v1.31,and will be removed in a later release.
+It's being deprecated because the value of this field wasn't (and isn't) accurate.
+This field is set by the kubelet, which does not have reliable information about the kube-proxy version or whether kube-proxy is running.
+
+The `DisableNodeKubeProxyVersion` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) will be set to `true` in by default in v1.31 and the kubelet will no longer attempt to set the `.status.kubeProxyVersion` field for its associated Node.
+-->
+Node 的 `.status.nodeInfo.kubeProxyVersion` 字段在 Kubernetes v1.31 中将被弃用，
+并将在后续版本中删除。该字段被弃用是因为其取值原来不准确，并且现在也不准确。
+该字段由 kubelet 设置，而 kubelet 没有关于 kube-proxy 版本或 kube-proxy 是否正在运行的可靠信息。
+
+在 v1.31 中，`DisableNodeKubeProxyVersion`
+[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)将默认设置为 `true`，
+并且 kubelet 将不再尝试为其关联的 Node 设置 `.status.kubeProxyVersion` 字段。
+
+<!--
+### Removal of all in-tree integrations with cloud providers
+
+As highlighted in a [previous article](/blog/2024/05/20/completing-cloud-provider-migration/), the last remaining in-tree support for cloud provider integration will be removed as part of the v1.31 release.
+This doesn't mean you can't integrate with a cloud provider, however you now **must** use the
+recommended approach using an external integration. Some integrations are part of the Kubernetes
+project and others are third party software.
+-->
+### 删除所有云驱动的树内集成组件
+
+正如[之前一篇文章](/blog/2024/05/20/completing-cloud-provider-migration/)中所强调的，
+v1.31 版本将删除云驱动集成的树内支持的最后剩余部分。
+这并不意味着你无法与某云驱动集成，只是你现在**必须**使用推荐的外部集成方法。
+一些集成组件是 Kubernetes 项目的一部分，其余集成组件则是第三方软件。
+
+<!--
+This milestone marks the completion of the externalization process for all cloud providers' integrations from the Kubernetes core ([KEP-2395](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-cloud-provider/2395-removing-in-tree-cloud-providers/README.md)), a process started with Kubernetes v1.26. 
+This change helps Kubernetes to get closer to being a truly vendor-neutral platform.
+
+For further details on the cloud provider integrations, read our [v1.29 Cloud Provider Integrations feature blog](/blog/2023/12/14/cloud-provider-integration-changes/). 
+For additional context about the in-tree code removal, we invite you to check the ([v1.29 deprecation blog](/blog/2023/11/16/kubernetes-1-29-upcoming-changes/#removal-of-in-tree-integrations-with-cloud-providers-kep-2395-https-kep-k8s-io-2395)).
+
+The latter blog also contains useful information for users who need to migrate to version v1.29 and later.
+-->
+这一里程碑标志着将所有云驱动集成组件从 Kubernetes 核心外部化的过程已经完成
+（[KEP-2395](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-cloud-provider/2395-removing-in-tree-cloud-providers/README.md)），
+该过程从 Kubernetes v1.26 开始。
+这一变化有助于 Kubernetes 进一步成为真正的供应商中立平台。
+
+有关云驱动集成的更多详细信息，请阅读我们的 [v1.29 云驱动集成特性的博客](/zh-cn/blog/2023/12/14/cloud-provider-integration-changes/)。
+有关树内代码删除的更多背景信息，请阅读
+（[v1.29 弃用博客](/blog/2023/11/16/kubernetes-1-29-upcoming-changes/#removal-of-in-tree-integrations-with-cloud-providers-kep-2395-https-kep-k8s-io-2395)）。
+
+后一个博客还包含对需要迁移到 v1.29 及更高版本的用户有用的信息。
+
+<!--
+### Removal of kubelet `--keep-terminated-pod-volumes` command line flag
+
+The kubelet flag `--keep-terminated-pod-volumes`, which was deprecated in 2017, will be removed as
+part of the v1.31 release.
+
+You can find more details in the pull request [#122082](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/122082).
+-->
+### 删除 kubelet `--keep-terminated-pod-volumes` 命令行标志
+
+kubelet 标志 `--keep-terminated-pod-volumes` 已于 2017 年弃用，将在 v1.31 版本中被删除。
+
+你可以在拉取请求 [#122082](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/122082)
+中找到更多详细信息。
+
+<!--
+### Removal of CephFS volume plugin 
+
+[CephFS volume plugin](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#cephfs) was removed in this release and the `cephfs` volume type became non-functional. 
+
+It is recommended that you use the [CephFS CSI driver](https://github.com/ceph/ceph-csi/) as a third-party storage driver instead. If you were using the CephFS volume plugin before upgrading the cluster version to v1.31, you must re-deploy your application to use the new driver.
+
+CephFS volume plugin was formally marked as deprecated in v1.28.
+-->
+### 删除 CephFS 卷插件
+
+[CephFS 卷插件](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#cephfs)已在此版本中删除，
+并且 `cephfs` 卷类型已无法使用。
+
+建议你改用 [CephFS CSI 驱动程序](https://github.com/ceph/ceph-csi/) 作为第三方存储驱动程序。
+如果你在将集群版本升级到 v1.31 之前在使用 CephFS 卷插件，则必须重新部署应用才能使用新驱动。
+
+CephFS 卷插件在 v1.28 中正式标记为已弃用。
+
+<!--
+### Removal of Ceph RBD volume plugin
+
+The v1.31 release will remove the [Ceph RBD volume plugin](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#rbd) and its CSI migration support, making the `rbd` volume type non-functional.
+
+It's recommended that you use the [RBD CSI driver](https://github.com/ceph/ceph-csi/) in your clusters instead. 
+If you were using Ceph RBD volume plugin before upgrading the cluster version to v1.31, you must re-deploy your application to use the new driver.
+
+The Ceph RBD volume plugin was formally marked as deprecated in v1.28.
+-->
+### 删除 Ceph RBD 卷插件
+
+v1.31 版本将删除 [Ceph RBD 卷插件](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#rbd)及其 CSI 迁移支持，
+`rbd` 卷类型将无法继续使用。
+
+建议你在集群中使用 [RBD CSI 驱动](https://github.com/ceph/ceph-csi/)。
+如果你在将集群版本升级到 v1.31 之前在使用 Ceph RBD 卷插件，则必须重新部署应用以使用新驱动。
+
+Ceph RBD 卷插件在 v1.28 中正式标记为已弃用。
+
+<!--
+### Deprecation of non-CSI volume limit plugins in kube-scheduler
+
+The v1.31 release will deprecate all non-CSI volume limit scheduler plugins, and will remove some
+already deprected plugins from the [default plugins](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/), including:
+-->
+### kube-scheduler 中非 CSI 卷限制插件的弃用
+
+v1.31 版本将弃用所有非 CSI 卷限制调度程序插件，
+并将从[默认插件](/zh-cn/docs/reference/scheduling/config/)中删除一些已弃用的插件，包括：
+
+- `AzureDiskLimits`
+- `CinderLimits`
+- `EBSLimits`
+- `GCEPDLimits`
+
+<!--
+It's recommended that you use the `NodeVolumeLimits` plugin instead because it can handle the same functionality as the removed plugins since those volume types have been migrated to CSI. 
+Please replace the deprecated plugins with the `NodeVolumeLimits` plugin if you explicitly use them in the [scheduler config](/docs/reference/scheduling/config/). 
+The `AzureDiskLimits`, `CinderLimits`, `EBSLimits`, and `GCEPDLimits` plugins will be removed in a future release.
+
+These plugins will be removed from the default scheduler plugins list as they have been deprecated since Kubernetes v1.14.
+-->
+建议你改用 `NodeVolumeLimits` 插件，因为它可以处理与已删除插件相同的功能，因为这些卷类型已迁移到 CSI。
+如果你在[调度器配置](/zh-cn/docs/reference/scheduling/config/)中显式使用已弃用的插件，
+请用 `NodeVolumeLimits` 插件替换它们。
+`AzureDiskLimits`、`CinderLimits`、`EBSLimits` 和 `GCEPDLimits` 插件将在未来的版本中被删除。
+
+这些插件将从默认调度程序插件列表中删除，因为它们自 Kubernetes v1.14 以来已被弃用。
+
+<!--
+## Looking ahead
+The official list of API removals planned for [Kubernetes v1.32](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/#v1-32) include:
+
+* The `flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3` API version of FlowSchema and PriorityLevelConfiguration will be removed. 
+To prepare for this, you can edit your existing manifests and rewrite client software to use the `flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1 API` version, available since v1.29. 
+All existing persisted objects are accessible via the new API. Notable changes in flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3 include that the PriorityLevelConfiguration `spec.limited.nominalConcurrencyShares` field only defaults to 30 when unspecified, and an explicit value of 0 is not changed to 30.
+
+For more information, please refer to the [API deprecation guide](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/#v1-32).
+-->
+## 展望未来
+
+[Kubernetes v1.32](/zh-cn/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/#v1-32) 计划删除的官方 API 包括：
+
+* 将删除 `flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3` API 版本的 FlowSchema 和 PriorityLevelConfiguration。
+  为了做好准备，你可以编辑现有清单并重写客户端软件以使用自 v1.29 起可用的 `flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1 API` 版本。
+  所有现有的持久化对象都可以通过新 API 访问。`flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3` 中需要注意的变化包括优先级配置
+  `spec.limited.nominalConcurrencyShares` 字段仅在未指定时默认为 30，并且显式设置为 0 的话不会被更改为 30。
+
+有关更多信息，请参阅 [API 弃用指南](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-guide/#v1-32)。
+
+<!--
+## Want to know more?
+The Kubernetes release notes announce deprecations. 
+We will formally announce the deprecations in [Kubernetes v1.31](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#deprecation) as part of the CHANGELOG for that release.
+
+You can see the announcements of pending deprecations in the release notes for:
+-->
+## 想要了解更多？
+
+Kubernetes 发行说明中会宣布弃用信息。
+我们将在 [Kubernetes v1.31](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#deprecation)
+中正式宣布弃用信息，作为该版本的 CHANGELOG 的一部分。
+
+你可以在发行说明中看到待弃用的公告：
+
+* [Kubernetes v1.30](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#deprecation)
+
+* [Kubernetes v1.29](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#deprecation)
+
+* [Kubernetes v1.28](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#deprecation)
+
+* [Kubernetes v1.27](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md#deprecation)