Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
Add kotlin code for the chapter of heap (#1115)
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
* feat(kotlin): add kotlin code for dynamic programming.

* Update knapsack.kt

* feat(kotlin): add kotlin codes for graph.

* style(kotlin): reformatted the codes.

* feat(kotlin): add kotlin codes for the chapter of greedy.

* Update max_product_cutting.kt

* feat(kotlin): add kotlin code for chapter of hashing.

* style(kotlin): modified some comment

* Update array_hash_map.kt

* Update hash_map_chaining.kt

* Update hash_map_chaining.kt

* feat(kotlin): add kotlin codes for the chapter of heap.

* Update my_heap.kt
  • Loading branch information
curtishd authored Mar 14, 2024
1 parent 9769e14 commit a05192e
Show file tree
Hide file tree
Showing 3 changed files with 261 additions and 0 deletions.
66 changes: 66 additions & 0 deletions codes/kotlin/chapter_heap/heap.kt
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
/**
* File: heap.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/

package chapter_heap

import utils.printHeap
import java.util.*

fun testPush(heap: Queue<Int>, value: Int) {
heap.offer(value) // 元素入堆
print("\n元素 $value 入堆后\n")
printHeap(heap)
}

fun testPop(heap: Queue<Int>) {
val value = heap.poll() // 堆顶元素出堆
print("\n堆顶元素 $value 出堆后\n")
printHeap(heap)
}

/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
/* 初始化堆 */
// 初始化小顶堆
val minHeap: PriorityQueue<Int>

// 初始化大顶堆(使用 lambda 表达式修改 Comparator 即可)
val maxHeap = PriorityQueue { a: Int, b: Int -> b - a }

println("\n以下测试样例为大顶堆")

/* 元素入堆 */
testPush(maxHeap, 1)
testPush(maxHeap, 3)
testPush(maxHeap, 2)
testPush(maxHeap, 5)
testPush(maxHeap, 4)

/* 获取堆顶元素 */
val peek = maxHeap.peek()
print("\n堆顶元素为 $peek\n")

/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
testPop(maxHeap)
testPop(maxHeap)
testPop(maxHeap)
testPop(maxHeap)
testPop(maxHeap)

/* 获取堆大小 */
val size = maxHeap.size
print("\n堆元素数量为 $size\n")

/* 判断堆是否为空 */
val isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty()
print("\n堆是否为空 $isEmpty\n")

/* 输入列表并建堆 */
// 时间复杂度为 O(n) ,而非 O(nlogn)
minHeap = PriorityQueue(mutableListOf<Int?>(1, 3, 2, 5, 4))
println("\n输入列表并建立小顶堆后")
printHeap(minHeap)
}
157 changes: 157 additions & 0 deletions codes/kotlin/chapter_heap/my_heap.kt
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
/**
* File: my_heap.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/

package chapter_heap

import utils.printHeap
import java.util.*

/* 大顶堆 */
class MaxHeap(nums: List<Int>?) {
// 使用列表而非数组,这样无须考虑扩容问题
// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
private val maxHeap = ArrayList(nums!!)

/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
init {
// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
for (i in parent(size() - 1) downTo 0) {
siftDown(i)
}
}

/* 获取左子节点的索引 */
private fun left(i: Int): Int {
return 2 * i + 1
}

/* 获取右子节点的索引 */
private fun right(i: Int): Int {
return 2 * i + 2
}

/* 获取父节点的索引 */
private fun parent(i: Int): Int {
return (i - 1) / 2 // 向下整除
}

/* 交换元素 */
private fun swap(i: Int, j: Int) {
maxHeap[i] = maxHeap[j].also { maxHeap[j] = maxHeap[i] }
}

/* 获取堆大小 */
fun size(): Int {
return maxHeap.size
}

/* 判断堆是否为空 */
fun isEmpty(): Boolean {
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
return size() == 0
}

/* 访问堆顶元素 */
fun peek(): Int {
return maxHeap[0]
}

/* 元素入堆 */
fun push(value: Int) {
// 添加节点
maxHeap.add(value)
// 从底至顶堆化
siftUp(size() - 1)
}

/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
private fun siftUp(it: Int) {
// Kotlin的函数参数不可变,因此创建临时变量
var i = it
while (true) {
// 获取节点 i 的父节点
val p = parent(i)
// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p]) break
// 交换两节点
swap(i, p)
// 循环向上堆化
i = p
}
}

/* 元素出堆 */
fun pop(): Int {
// 判空处理
if (isEmpty()) throw IndexOutOfBoundsException()
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(0, size() - 1)
// 删除节点
val value = maxHeap.removeAt(size() - 1)
// 从顶至底堆化
siftDown(0)
// 返回堆顶元素
return value
}

/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
private fun siftDown(it: Int) {
// Kotlin的函数参数不可变,因此创建临时变量
var i = it
while (true) {
// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
val l = left(i)
val r = right(i)
var ma = i
if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma]) ma = l
if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma]) ma = r
// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
if (ma == i) break
// 交换两节点
swap(i, ma)
// 循环向下堆化
i = ma
}
}

/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
fun print() {
val queue = PriorityQueue { a: Int, b: Int -> b - a }
queue.addAll(maxHeap)
printHeap(queue)
}
}

/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
/* 初始化大顶堆 */
val maxHeap = MaxHeap(mutableListOf(9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2))
println("\n输入列表并建堆后")
maxHeap.print()

/* 获取堆顶元素 */
var peek = maxHeap.peek()
print("\n堆顶元素为 $peek\n")

/* 元素入堆 */
val value = 7
maxHeap.push(value)
print("\n元素 $value 入堆后\n")
maxHeap.print()

/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
peek = maxHeap.pop()
print("\n堆顶元素 $peek 出堆后\n")
maxHeap.print()

/* 获取堆大小 */
val size = maxHeap.size()
print("\n堆元素数量为 $size\n")

/* 判断堆是否为空 */
val isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty()
print("\n堆是否为空 $isEmpty\n")
}
38 changes: 38 additions & 0 deletions codes/kotlin/chapter_heap/top_k.kt
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
/**
* File: top_k.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/

package chapter_heap

import utils.printHeap
import java.util.*

/* 基于堆查找数组中最大的 k 个元素 */
fun topKHeap(nums: IntArray, k: Int): Queue<Int> {
// 初始化小顶堆
val heap = PriorityQueue<Int>()
// 将数组的前 k 个元素入堆
for (i in 0..<k) {
heap.offer(nums[i])
}
// 从第 k+1 个元素开始,保持堆的长度为 k
for (i in k..<nums.size) {
// 若当前元素大于堆顶元素,则将堆顶元素出堆、当前元素入堆
if (nums[i] > heap.peek()) {
heap.poll()
heap.offer(nums[i])
}
}
return heap
}

/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
val nums = intArrayOf(1, 7, 6, 3, 2)
val k = 3
val res = topKHeap(nums, k)
println("最大的 $k 个元素为")
printHeap(res)
}

0 comments on commit a05192e

Please sign in to comment.