Handle exceptions thrown when requesting storage-access permission

[jonkoops]

Adds an error handler when requesting the storage-access permission when checking 3rd-party cookie access. If an error is thrown, it falls back to the regular redirect flow to detect 3rd-party cookie support.

The Permission API will sometimes throw exceptions when requesting access to storage, specifically in Safari this occurs more than in other browsers (likely it doesn't support the storage-access permission yet, see #21307 (comment)). This can result in the iframe timing out, failing the authentication check and leaving client applications in a unusable state.

Closes #21307

[ghost]

Unreported flaky test detected, please review

[ghost]

Unreported flaky test detected

If the below flaky tests below are affected by the changes, please review and update the changes accordingly. Otherwise, a maintainer should report the flaky tests prior to merging the PR.

org.keycloak.testsuite.ui.account2.WelcomeScreenTest#personalInfoTest

Keycloak CI - Account Console IT (firefox)

java.lang.AssertionError: Expected PersonalInfoPage but was Keycloak Account Management (https://localhost:8543/auth/realms/test/account/#/personal-info&state=d997b959-34cd-40e1-8e57-4a214df03259&session_state=87958021-b593-4746-9c42-41e19dd402d4&code=dd61129e-61be-4a05-b5b7-ad7e5d0f5948.87958021-b593-4746-9c42-41e19dd402d4.738f4688-ca10-4f3e-800f-56ab5eeda449)
	at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:89)
	at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:42)
	at org.keycloak.testsuite.page.AbstractPage.assertCurrent(AbstractPage.java:110)
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor101.invoke(Unknown Source)
...

Report flaky test

[marviobezerra]

When will it be released?

[jonkoops]

When will it be released?

#21307 (comment)