Add ability for GCC 8 in CMake to build fgradient which uses std::fil…

…esystem (AMReX-Codes#3523)

## Summary

Since GCC 8 is still a base compiler on several Linux distributions, I
think it should probably continue to be supported. This allows
`fgradient` to link to the std::filesystem library necessary for GCC < 9
and succeed in building.

## Additional background

## Checklist

The proposed changes:
- [ ] fix a bug or incorrect behavior in AMReX
- [x] add new capabilities to AMReX
- [ ] changes answers in the test suite to more than roundoff level
- [ ] are likely to significantly affect the results of downstream AMReX
users
- [ ] include documentation in the code and/or rst files, if appropriate

Co-authored-by: Ann Almgren <asalmgren@lbl.gov>

Tools/CMake/FindFilesystem.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD 3-Clause License.  See accompanying
+# file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.
+
+# This is copied from:
+#   https://github.com/vector-of-bool/CMakeCM/blob/master/modules/FindFilesystem.cmake
+
+#[=======================================================================[.rst:
+
+FindFilesystem
+##############
+
+This module supports the C++17 standard library's filesystem utilities. Use the
+:imp-target:`std::filesystem` imported target to
+
+Options
+*******
+
+The ``COMPONENTS`` argument to this module supports the following values:
+
+.. find-component:: Experimental
+    :name: fs.Experimental
+
+    Allows the module to find the "experimental" Filesystem TS version of the
+    Filesystem library. This is the library that should be used with the
+    ``std::experimental::filesystem`` namespace.
+
+.. find-component:: Final
+    :name: fs.Final
+
+    Finds the final C++17 standard version of the filesystem library.
+
+If no components are provided, behaves as if the
+:find-component:`fs.Final` component was specified.
+
+If both :find-component:`fs.Experimental` and :find-component:`fs.Final` are
+provided, first looks for ``Final``, and falls back to ``Experimental`` in case
+of failure. If ``Final`` is found, :imp-target:`std::filesystem` and all
+:ref:`variables <fs.variables>` will refer to the ``Final`` version.
+
+
+Imported Targets
+****************
+
+.. imp-target:: std::filesystem
+
+    The ``std::filesystem`` imported target is defined when any requested
+    version of the C++ filesystem library has been found, whether it is
+    *Experimental* or *Final*.
+
+    If no version of the filesystem library is available, this target will not
+    be defined.
+
+    .. note::
+        This target has ``cxx_std_17`` as an ``INTERFACE``
+        :ref:`compile language standard feature <req-lang-standards>`. Linking
+        to this target will automatically enable C++17 if no later standard
+        version is already required on the linking target.
+
+
+.. _fs.variables:
+
+Variables
+*********
+
+.. variable:: CXX_FILESYSTEM_IS_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+    Set to ``TRUE`` when the :find-component:`fs.Experimental` version of C++
+    filesystem library was found, otherwise ``FALSE``.
+
+.. variable:: CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_FS
+
+    Set to ``TRUE`` when a filesystem header was found.
+
+.. variable:: CXX_FILESYSTEM_HEADER
+
+    Set to either ``filesystem`` or ``experimental/filesystem`` depending on
+    whether :find-component:`fs.Final` or :find-component:`fs.Experimental` was
+    found.
+
+.. variable:: CXX_FILESYSTEM_NAMESPACE
+
+    Set to either ``std::filesystem`` or ``std::experimental::filesystem``
+    depending on whether :find-component:`fs.Final` or
+    :find-component:`fs.Experimental` was found.
+
+
+Examples
+********
+
+Using `find_package(Filesystem)` with no component arguments:
+
+.. code-block:: cmake
+
+    find_package(Filesystem REQUIRED)
+
+    add_executable(my-program main.cpp)
+    target_link_libraries(my-program PRIVATE std::filesystem)
+
+
+#]=======================================================================]
+
+
+if(TARGET std::filesystem)
+    # This module has already been processed. Don't do it again.
+    return()
+endif()
+
+cmake_policy(PUSH)
+if(POLICY CMP0067)
+    # pass CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD to check_cxx_source_compiles()
+    # has to appear before including CheckCXXSourceCompiles module
+    cmake_policy(SET CMP0067 NEW)
+endif()
+
+include(CMakePushCheckState)
+include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+
+cmake_push_check_state()
+
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_QUIET ${Filesystem_FIND_QUIETLY})
+
+# All of our tests required C++17 or later
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+
+# Normalize and check the component list we were given
+set(want_components ${Filesystem_FIND_COMPONENTS})
+if(Filesystem_FIND_COMPONENTS STREQUAL "")
+    set(want_components Final)
+endif()
+
+# Warn on any unrecognized components
+set(extra_components ${want_components})
+list(REMOVE_ITEM extra_components Final Experimental)
+foreach(component IN LISTS extra_components)
+    message(WARNING "Extraneous find_package component for Filesystem: ${component}")
+endforeach()
+
+# Detect which of Experimental and Final we should look for
+set(find_experimental TRUE)
+set(find_final TRUE)
+if(NOT "Final" IN_LIST want_components)
+    set(find_final FALSE)
+endif()
+if(NOT "Experimental" IN_LIST want_components)
+    set(find_experimental FALSE)
+endif()
+
+if(find_final)
+    check_include_file_cxx("filesystem" _CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_HEADER)
+    mark_as_advanced(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_HEADER)
+    if(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_HEADER)
+        # We found the non-experimental header. Don't bother looking for the
+        # experimental one.
+        set(find_experimental FALSE)
+    endif()
+else()
+    set(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_HEADER FALSE)
+endif()
+
+if(find_experimental)
+    check_include_file_cxx("experimental/filesystem" _CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_EXPERIMENTAL_HEADER)
+    mark_as_advanced(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_EXPERIMENTAL_HEADER)
+else()
+    set(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_EXPERIMENTAL_HEADER FALSE)
+endif()
+
+if(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_HEADER)
+    set(_have_fs TRUE)
+    set(_fs_header filesystem)
+    set(_fs_namespace std::filesystem)
+elseif(_CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_EXPERIMENTAL_HEADER)
+    set(_have_fs TRUE)
+    set(_fs_header experimental/filesystem)
+    set(_fs_namespace std::experimental::filesystem)
+else()
+    set(_have_fs FALSE)
+endif()
+
+set(CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_FS ${_have_fs} CACHE BOOL "TRUE if we have the C++ filesystem headers")
+set(CXX_FILESYSTEM_HEADER ${_fs_header} CACHE STRING "The header that should be included to obtain the filesystem APIs")
+set(CXX_FILESYSTEM_NAMESPACE ${_fs_namespace} CACHE STRING "The C++ namespace that contains the filesystem APIs")
+
+set(_found FALSE)
+
+if(CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_FS)
+    # We have some filesystem library available. Do link checks
+    string(CONFIGURE [[
+        #include <@CXX_FILESYSTEM_HEADER@>
+
+        int main() {
+            auto cwd = @CXX_FILESYSTEM_NAMESPACE@::current_path();
+            return static_cast<int>(cwd.string().size());
+        }
+    ]] code @ONLY)
+
+    # Try to compile a simple filesystem program without any linker flags
+    check_cxx_source_compiles("${code}" CXX_FILESYSTEM_NO_LINK_NEEDED)
+
+    set(can_link ${CXX_FILESYSTEM_NO_LINK_NEEDED})
+
+    if(NOT CXX_FILESYSTEM_NO_LINK_NEEDED)
+        set(prev_libraries ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES})
+        # Add the libstdc++ flag
+        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${prev_libraries} -lstdc++fs)
+        check_cxx_source_compiles("${code}" CXX_FILESYSTEM_STDCPPFS_NEEDED)
+        set(can_link ${CXX_FILESYSTEM_STDCPPFS_NEEDED})
+        if(NOT CXX_FILESYSTEM_STDCPPFS_NEEDED)
+            # Try the libc++ flag
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${prev_libraries} -lc++fs)
+            check_cxx_source_compiles("${code}" CXX_FILESYSTEM_CPPFS_NEEDED)
+            set(can_link ${CXX_FILESYSTEM_CPPFS_NEEDED})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    if(can_link)
+        add_library(std::filesystem INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+        target_compile_features(std::filesystem INTERFACE cxx_std_17)
+        set(_found TRUE)
+        if(CXX_FILESYSTEM_NO_LINK_NEEDED)
+            # on certain linux distros we have a version of libstdc++ which has the final code for c++17 fs in the
+            # libstdc++.so.*. BUT when compiling with g++ < 9, we MUST still link with libstdc++fs.a 
+            # libc++ should not suffer from this issue, so, in theory we should be fine with only checking for
+            # GCC's libstdc++ 
+            if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS "9.0.0"))
+                target_link_libraries(std::filesystem INTERFACE -lstdc++fs)
+            endif()
+        elseif(CXX_FILESYSTEM_STDCPPFS_NEEDED)
+            target_link_libraries(std::filesystem INTERFACE -lstdc++fs)
+        elseif(CXX_FILESYSTEM_CPPFS_NEEDED)
+            target_link_libraries(std::filesystem INTERFACE -lc++fs)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+cmake_pop_check_state()
+
+set(Filesystem_FOUND ${_found} CACHE BOOL "TRUE if we can compile and link a program using std::filesystem" FORCE)
+
+if(Filesystem_FIND_REQUIRED AND NOT Filesystem_FOUND)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot Compile simple program using std::filesystem")
+endif()
+
+cmake_policy(POP)

Tools/Plotfile/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,3 +37,11 @@ if (AMReX_CUDA)
    set_source_files_properties(AMReX_PPMUtil.cpp PROPERTIES LANGUAGE CUDA)
    target_compile_features(fsnapshot PUBLIC cxx_std_17)
 endif()
+
+# fgradient uses std::filesystem and GCC < 9 needs special treatment for std::filesystem
+if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS "9.0.0"))
+   find_package(Filesystem)
+   if (CXX_FILESYSTEM_HAVE_FS)
+      target_link_libraries(fgradient PRIVATE std::filesystem)
+   endif()
+endif()