[SPARK-33294][SQL] Add query resolved check before analyze InsertIntoDir

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add `query.resolved` before analyze `InsertIntoDir`.

### Why are the changes needed?

For better error msg.
```
INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY '/tmp/file' USING PARQUET
SELECT * FROM (
 SELECT c3 FROM (
  SELECT c1, c2 from values(1,2) t(c1, c2)
  )
)
```
 Before this PR, we get such error msg
```
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.UnresolvedException: Invalid call to toAttribute on unresolved object, tree: *
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.Star.toAttribute(unresolved.scala:244)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.Project$$anonfun$output$1.apply(basicLogicalOperators.scala:52)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.Project$$anonfun$output$1.apply(basicLogicalOperators.scala:52)
  at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
  at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
  at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:392)
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

Yes, error msg changed.

### How was this patch tested?

New test.

Closes apache#30197 from ulysses-you/SPARK-33294.

Authored-by: ulysses <youxiduo@weidian.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/DataSourceStrategy.scala

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ object DataSourceAnalysis extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with CastSupport {
       InsertIntoDataSourceCommand(l, query, overwrite)
 
     case InsertIntoDir(_, storage, provider, query, overwrite)
-      if provider.isDefined && provider.get.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) != DDLUtils.HIVE_PROVIDER =>
-
+      if query.resolved && provider.isDefined &&
+        provider.get.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) != DDLUtils.HIVE_PROVIDER =>
       val outputPath = new Path(storage.locationUri.get)
       if (overwrite) DDLUtils.verifyNotReadPath(query, outputPath)
 

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/InsertSuite.scala

@@ -896,6 +896,23 @@ class InsertSuite extends DataSourceTest with SharedSparkSession {
       sql("INSERT INTO TABLE insertTable PARTITION(part1='1', part2) SELECT 1 ,'' AS part2")
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-33294: Add query resolved check before analyze InsertIntoDir") {
+    withTempPath { path =>
+      val msg = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+        sql(
+          s"""
+            |INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY '${path.getAbsolutePath}' USING PARQUET
+            |SELECT * FROM (
+            | SELECT c3 FROM (
+            |  SELECT c1, c2 from values(1,2) t(c1, c2)
+            |  )
+            |)
+          """.stripMargin)
+      }.getMessage
+      assert(msg.contains("cannot resolve '`c3`' given input columns"))
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 class FileExistingTestFileSystem extends RawLocalFileSystem {