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Create mtr.md #540

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mtr
===

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`mtr`在单个网络诊断工具中结合了`traceroute`和`ping`程序的功能。当`mtr`启动时，它调查运行在主机mtr和主机名之间的网络连接。

通过发送有目的的低TTL的包,以较低的TTL发送数据包，记录中间路由器。
这允许MTR打印Internet路由的响应百分比和响应时间。
到主机,包丢失或响应时间的突然增加通常是不好的(或仅仅是过度的)迹象。
已加载、链接、结果通常以往返响应时间（毫秒）和包丢失百分比报告。

### 语法

```shell
mtr (参数) (目标ip/域名)
```

### 参数
| 参数 | 解释
---- | ----
-r | 以报告模式显示
-c | 发送数据包大小
-n | 不用主机名解释
-s | 指定ping数据包的大小
--report | 不动态显示结果

### 实例

```shell
使用 -r 参数显示报告：
[root@localhost ~]# mtr -r github.com

HOST: WIKIHOST Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 161.129.42.1 0.0% 10 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.1
2.|-- 10.12.52.0 0.0% 10 0.9 1.2 0.8 3.4 0.8
3.|-- unn-138-199-1-182.cdn77.c 0.0% 10 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1
4.|-- 63.217.254.209 70.0% 10 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.0
5.|-- 63-216-176-146.static.pcc 0.0% 10 4.1 3.6 1.1 12.9 3.5
6.|-- ae27-0.icr02.hkg20.ntwk.m 0.0% 10 2.8 5.5 1.7 24.0 6.9
7.|-- be-102-0.ibr01.hkg20.ntwk 20.0% 10 36.4 36.5 36.3 36.7 0.1
8.|-- be-10-0.ibr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 50.0% 10 36.4 37.3 36.3 39.5 1.4
9.|-- ae100-0.icr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 0.0% 10 35.9 38.8 35.9 53.3 5.4
10.|-- ??? 100.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.|-- ??? 100.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.|-- ??? 100.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13.|-- ??? 100.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.|-- ??? 100.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.|-- 20.205.243.166 0.0% 10 35.7 35.8 35.7 35.9 0.0

使用-c参数设置每秒发送数据包数量：
[root@localhost ~]# mtr -r -c 30 github.com

HOST: WIKIHOST Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 161.129.42.1 0.0% 30 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.2
2.|-- 10.12.52.0 0.0% 30 0.8 1.2 0.8 9.2 1.6
3.|-- unn-138-199-1-182.cdn77.c 0.0% 30 0.9 0.9 0.8 3.0 0.4
4.|-- 63.217.254.209 40.0% 30 1.3 1.3 1.1 2.4 0.3
5.|-- 63-216-176-146.static.pcc 0.0% 30 3.0 3.1 1.0 13.5 3.4
6.|-- ae27-0.icr02.hkg20.ntwk.m 0.0% 30 1.7 2.2 1.6 5.7 0.9
7.|-- be-102-0.ibr01.hkg20.ntwk 6.7% 30 36.4 36.6 36.3 38.9 0.5
8.|-- be-10-0.ibr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 50.0% 30 36.7 47.1 36.2 102.7 21.0
9.|-- ae100-0.icr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 0.0% 30 36.1 41.4 35.9 78.4 8.8
10.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.|-- 20.205.243.166 0.0% 30 35.7 35.8 35.6 35.8 0.0

使用-s参数指定ping数据包的大小：
[root@localhost ~]# mtr -r -c 30 -s 1024 github.com

HOST: WIKIHOST Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 161.129.42.1 0.0% 30 0.6 0.6 0.3 4.3 0.7
2.|-- 10.12.52.0 0.0% 30 1.0 1.1 0.8 7.0 1.1
3.|-- unn-138-199-1-182.cdn77.c 0.0% 30 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.1
4.|-- 63.217.254.209 66.7% 30 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.1
5.|-- 63-216-176-146.static.pcc 0.0% 30 3.1 3.3 1.0 18.4 4.5
6.|-- ae27-0.icr02.hkg20.ntwk.m 0.0% 30 2.2 3.7 1.7 12.2 2.5
7.|-- be-102-0.ibr01.hkg20.ntwk 6.7% 30 36.5 36.6 36.4 38.9 0.5
8.|-- be-10-0.ibr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 33.3% 30 38.3 36.9 36.3 39.1 0.7
9.|-- ae100-0.icr01.sg3.ntwk.ms 0.0% 30 36.1 38.4 35.9 66.6 5.9
10.|-- ??? 100.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

```