Warning by the pytest

[ramkumarkoppu]

pytest
================================================== test session starts ===================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.11.9, pytest-7.4.0, pluggy-1.2.0
rootdir: /Users/ramkumarkoppu/repos/LLQ/craystack
plugins: torchtyping-0.1.4, cov-4.1.0, anyio-3.7.1, typeguard-4.1.5
collected 65 items

craystack/codecs_test.py ............................................................. [ 93%]
craystack/rans_test.py .... [100%]

==================================================== warnings summary ====================================================
craystack/codecs_test.py::test_multiset_codec
/Users/ramkumarkoppu/repos/LLQ/craystack/craystack/rans.py:35: UserWarning: Popping from empty message. Generating random data.
warn('Popping from empty message. Generating random data.')

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
============================================= 65 passed, 1 warning in 4.09s ==============================================
(craystack) Rams-MBP:craystack ramkumarkoppu$

[dsevero]

Hi! Thanks for reaching out. This warning is an expected part of the test. It's saying bits were synthesized to decode with ANS, as the stack (ANS state) was empty. This happens at the early stages of multiset encoding and is closely related to the "initial bits" issue of sampling without replacement. You can read more about it here: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.09202

in the Methods section.