springboot-graphql-databases

The goal of this project is to explore GraphQL. For it, we will implement two Spring Boot Web Java applications: author-book-api and book-review-api.

Note: In kubernetes-minikube-environment repository, it's shown how to deploy this project in Kubernetes (Minikube).

Proof-of-Concepts & Articles

On ivangfr.github.io, I have compiled my Proof-of-Concepts (PoCs) and articles. You can easily search for the technology you are interested in by using the filter. Who knows, perhaps I have already implemented a PoC or written an article on what you are looking for.

Additional Readings

• [Medium] Implementing and Securing a Spring Boot GraphQL API with Keycloak
• [Medium] Implementing and Securing a Spring Boot GraphQL API with Okta

Project Diagram

Applications

• author-book-api

  Spring Boot Web Java application that handles authors and books. It exposes a GraphQL endpoint and traditional REST API endpoints. author-book-api uses MySQL as storage and calls book-review-api to get the reviews of the books. It uses Feign to easily create a client for book-review-api and Resilience4j (fault tolerance library) to handle fallback when book-review-api is down. The book ISBN is what connects books stored in author-book-api with the ones stored in book-review-api.

• book-review-api

  Spring Boot Web Java application that handles books and their reviews. It only exposes a GraphQL API and uses MongoDB as storage.

Frontend applications

In the repository react-graphql-databases, I have implemented two ReactJS applications author-book-ui and book-review-ui that are frontend applications for author-book-api and book-review-api, respectively.

If you want to see the complete communication frontend-backend using GraphQL, clone the react-graphql-databases and follow the README instructions.

Prerequisites

• Java 21 or higher.
• A containerization tool (e.g., Docker, Podman, etc.)

Start Environment

• Open a terminal and inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder run:

  docker compose up -d

• Wait for Docker containers to be up and running. To check, run:

  docker ps -a

Run applications with Maven

Inside springboot-graphql-databases, run the following Maven commands in different terminals:

• author-book-api

  ./mvnw clean spring-boot:run --projects author-book-api \
    -Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="-Dspring.datasource.username=authorbookuser -Dspring.datasource.password=authorbookpass"

• book-review-api

  ./mvnw clean spring-boot:run --projects book-review-api \
    -Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="-Dspring.data.mongodb.username=bookreviewuser -Dspring.data.mongodb.password=bookreviewpass"

Run Applications as Docker containers

Build Application's Docker Images

In a terminal and inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder, run the following script:

./build-docker-images.sh

Application's environment variables

• author-book-api

  Environment Variable	Description
  MYSQL_HOST	Specify host of the MySQL database to use (default localhost)
  MYSQL_PORT	Specify port of the MySQL database to use (default 3306)
  ZIPKIN_HOST	Specify host of the Zipkin distributed tracing system to use (default localhost)
  ZIPKIN_PORT	Specify port of the Zipkin distributed tracing system to use (default 9411)
  BOOK_REVIEW_API_HOST	Specify host of the book-review-api service (default localhost)
  BOOK_REVIEW_API_PORT	Specify port of the book-review-api service (default 9080)

• book-review-api

  Environment Variable	Description
  MONGODB_HOST	Specify host of the MongoDB database to use (default localhost)
  MONGODB_PORT	Specify port of the MongoDB database to use (default 27017)
  ZIPKIN_HOST	Specify host of the Zipkin distributed tracing system to use (default localhost)
  ZIPKIN_PORT	Specify port of the Zipkin distributed tracing system to use (default 9411)

Start Applications as Docker containers

In a terminal and inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder, run the following script:

./start-apps.sh

Application's Link

Application	URL Type	URL
author-book-api	Swagger	http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
author-book-api	GraphiQL	http://localhost:8080/graphiql
book-review-api	GraphiQL	http://localhost:9080/graphiql

How to use GraphiQL

• book-review-api

  1. In a browser, access http://localhost:9080/graphiql

  2. Create a book and return its id:

     mutation {
       createBook(bookInput: {title: "Getting Started With Roo", isbn: "9781449307905"}) {
        id
       }
     }

  3. Add one review for the book created above, suppose the id is 5bd4bd4790e9f641b7388f23:

     mutation {
       addBookReview(bookId: "5bd4bd4790e9f641b7388f23", reviewInput: {reviewer: "Ivan Franchin", comment: "It is a very good book", rating: 5}) {
         id
       }
     }

  4. Get all books stored in book-review-api, including their reviews:

     {
       getBooks {
         id
         title
         isbn
         reviews {
           comment
           rating
           reviewer
           createdAt
         }
       }
     }

• author-book-api

  1. In a browser, access http://localhost:8080/graphiql

  2. Create an author and return the author id:

     mutation {
       createAuthor(authorInput: {name: "Josh Long"}) {
         id
       }
     }

  3. Create a book and return the book id and author name:

     Note: while creating this book in author-book-api, we are setting the same ISBN, 9781449307905, as we did when creating the book in book-review-api.

     mutation {
       createBook(bookInput: {authorId: 1, isbn: "9781449307905", title: "Getting Started With Roo", year: 2020}) {
         id
         author {
           name
         }
       }
     }

  4. Get author by id and return some information about his/her books including book reviews from book-review-api:

     Note: as the book stored in author-book-api and book-review-api has the same ISBN, 9781449307905, it's possible to retrieve the reviews of the book. Otherwise, an empty list will be returned in case book-review-api does not have a specific ISBN or the service is down.

     {
       getAuthorById(authorId: 1) {
         name
         books {
           isbn
           title
           bookReview {
             reviews {
               reviewer
               rating
               comment
               createdAt
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

  5. Update book title and return its id and new title:

     mutation {
       updateBook(bookId: 1, bookInput: {title: "Getting Started With Roo 2"}) {
         id
         title
       }
     }

  6. Delete the author and return the author id:

     mutation {
       deleteAuthor(authorId: 1) {
         id
       }
     }

Useful links & commands

• Zipkin

  It can be accessed at http://localhost:9411

• MySQL monitor

  docker exec -it -e MYSQL_PWD=authorbookpass mysql mysql -uauthorbookuser --database authorbookdb
  SHOW tables;
  SELECT * FROM authors;
  SELECT * FROM books;

  Type exit to exit the MySQL monitor

• MongoDB shell

  docker exec -it mongodb mongosh -u bookreviewuser -p bookreviewpass --authenticationDatabase bookreviewdb
  use bookreviewdb;
  db.books.find().pretty();

  Type exit to exit the MongoDB shell

Shutdown

• To stop applications:
  • If they were started with Maven, go to the terminals where they are running and press Ctrl+C;
  • If they were started as a Docker container, go to a terminal and, inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder, run the script below:

    ./stop-apps.sh

• To stop and remove docker compose containers, network and volumes, go to a terminal and, inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder, run the following command:

  docker compose down -v

Cleanup

To remove the Docker images created by this project, go to a terminal and, inside springboot-graphql-databases root folder, run the following script:

./remove-docker-images.sh

References

• https://graphql.org/learn
• https://www.pluralsight.com/resources/blog/guides/building-a-graphql-server-with-spring-boot
• https://www.baeldung.com/spring-graphql