fix(segment): scrollable segments center button on click

[liamdebeasi]

Pull request checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been reviewed and added / updated if needed (for bug fixes / features)
  • Some docs updates need to be made in the ionic-docs repo, in a separate PR. See the contributing guide for details.
• Build (npm run build) was run locally and any changes were pushed
• Lint (npm run lint) has passed locally and any fixes were made for failures

Pull request type

Please check the type of change your PR introduces:

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, renaming)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• Documentation content changes
• Other (please describe):

What is the current behavior?

Issue URL: resolves #25367

What is the new behavior?

• Changing the value of ion-segment now centers the active ion-segment-button. This includes bringing out of bounds buttons into bounds.
• I modeled this change after the Google Play Store segment control which centers each button (as much as possible):

screen-20221114-155638.mp4

Note: I was unable to create a stable Playwright test for this. Even when using waitForElementState('stable') the tests were flaky. Open to ideas!

Does this introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information