Added IDT and CPU exeption support

[ViktorPopp]

This pull request introduces interrupt handling and exception support into InfinityOS by integrating concepts from the phill-opp blog_os "Interrupts and Exceptions" post. The changes include the following:

• IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table) Loading: Implemented the setup and loading of the IDT to handle interrupts and exceptions.
• CPU Exception Support: Added support for handling CPU exceptions, specifically int 3 (breakpoint) for debugging purposes.
• Breakpoint Support: Integrated basic exception handling for breakpoints to aid in debugging during development.

Changes Made:

• Added IDT setup and loading functionality to the kernel.
• Implemented basic CPU exception handling, including support for int 3 breakpoints.
• Updated kernel code to handle interrupts and exceptions in a structured manner.

Testing Instructions:

1. Build the OS using the cargo build command.
2. Run the OS on QEMU or another virtual machine to test interrupt and exception handling.
3. Trigger a breakpoint (int 3) to verify exception handling is functioning as expected.

Impact:
This update introduces essential functionality for handling interrupts and exceptions within InfinityOS. It improves debugging capabilities with breakpoints and prepares the OS for more complex interrupt handling in the future.