add lecture 17 to ITL

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+---
+title: Intro to linguistics lecture 17
+author: Shashwat Singh
+code: cl1.101
+number: 17
+---
+
+# Morphology
+- coined by Jonathan Wolfgang Von Goethe
+- as the study of forms
+- In linguistics: it refers to _mental system_ involved in word formation - dealing with words, their internal structure and how they are formed.
+
+
+## Word. What is a word?
+Note: there is no consensus on the definition of a word.
+telugu: paRukunTundi      |    maaTlaaRtynnaaRu
+English: she is sleeping    |    he is talking
+Bangla: O ghumocche     |    o (kotha) bolchhe
+
+For our current purposes, we shall differenciate one word from another on the basis of 'space' between two units of writing.
+
+'The apes in the jungle loved Tarzan and Jane'
+
+Note,
+"Main ne dekha"
+and "mainne dekha" are both used often 
+(as you can see, that our definition starts looking weird)
+
+
+## What do we mean when we say that we 'know' a word? 
+(If anyone other than me ever reads this note, know that I am having an existential crisis.)
+
+It can be said to be a part of our _mental grammar_ 
+is it the linguistics job to figure out what's happening in the mind? 
+Chomsky would say that, we want to figure out what's happening in the mind using the language data we get. 
+
+
+Each word is a sound meaning unit. 
+
+
+Knowing a word means
+- You know the sound
+- You know the content.
+
+
+### A morpheme
+It is the smallest unit of meaning. Often defined as the the smallest linguistic piece of grammatical function. These pieces cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 
+A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning
+looked = look + ed 
+
+question: 
+"students" how many morphemes here? 
+- possibility 1: "student" + "s" 
+- possibility 2: "study" + "ent" + "s" 
+    The "ent" points towards an actor and the "s" is for plural.
+
+If you're thinking about making an LOTR reference, don't. 
+
+__Note: we do not care about sounds, when we're breaking in to morphemes, i.e. for example we will break "are" into "is" + plurality because "are" breaks into those abstract meanings, the sound isn't particularly important__
+
+__Warning: DONOT try to count the number of morphemes anywhere__
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