feat: cached parsing

[rubydusa]

Renamed run_parser to run_parser_cached, and the parser now accepts a cache of files that it will use when possible

My reason for this PR is that currently the parsing functionality of circom is coupled with io stuff, and this PR aims to make it possible to parse circom programs without reading from the file system.

E.g. for a use case: I'm developing an LSP server for circom, and it would be helpful to parse the contents of the current buffer in an editor without saving it to a file first. This is currently not possible

Here is an example repo that demonstrates the use of the cached parser