Include notes when logging exceptions

[camillol]

Summary

This adds support for the notes feature from https://peps.python.org/pep-0678/, which was introduced in Python 3.11.
These notes are not included in str, but they are included in traceback.print_exception, etc.; we should include them when logging, too.

Note: an alternative option for formatting would be to include these in the exc_value string.

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[hynek]

hey sorry for the long delay – is there a reason why you chose to make it an optional str?

You mention it in the description but without reasoning and I think it would be more ergonomic to make it a tuple[str, ...]?

(tuple > list because it would keep Stack hashable)

[camillol]

I forget; I think I was concerned about how it would show up in a particular system we have, but for no good reason. A tuple works better. Done! Sorry I lost track of this for a while.

[hynek]

thanks! but ugh I'm so dumb, there already is a list in the class so it makes no sense to make this inconsistently a list. I'll fix it myself, this is on me.