Use cache to lookup event type ids in logbook

[bdraco]

Proposed change

noticed we can speed this up while looking at
#91514

Note: this will not fix that issue as there is more going on there

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New integration (thank you!)
• New feature (which adds functionality to an existing integration)
• Deprecation (breaking change to happen in the future)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
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Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes #
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Checklist

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[home-assistant]

Hey there @home-assistant/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (logbook) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!

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[home-assistant]

Hey there @home-assistant/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (recorder) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!

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