Merge pull request rust-lang#3262 from pnkfelix/compiler-team-rolling…

…-leads

Rolling co-lead roles for T-compiler

text/0000-compiler-team-rolling-leads.md

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+- Feature Name: n/a
+- Start Date: 2022-05-09
+- RFC PR: [rust-lang/rfcs#0000](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/0000)
+- Rust Issue: [rust-lang/rust#0000](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/0000)
+
+# Summary
+[summary]: #summary
+
+The Rust Compiler Team has used a co-leadership model since late 2019. This RFC
+codifies the expectations the team has for its leads and the time and effort we
+expect to be necessary to meet those expectations. It also specifies a
+succession plan, via which a team member can rotate through junior and senior
+leadership positions.
+
+Note: this RFC is adapted from a longer
+[document](https://hackmd.io/2dnAg2SNS5CbRkljqLHaeg?view) by pnkfelix. That
+draft was the subject of compiler team steering meeting ([compiler-team#506][])
+and has also been circulated amongst project leadership. In other words: No
+surprises here.
+
+[compiler-team#506]: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/506
+
+# Motivation
+[motivation]: #motivation
+
+We want to enable rolling leadership, to prevent burnout for the leads
+themselves, and to encourage new leaders to step up and push the team towards
+new unexpected directions.
+
+To enable such rolling leadership, we need to establish a shared vision for
+what our expectations are for our leaders, as well as the vision for what
+succession planning looks like.
+
+The expected outcome is that we have healthy team whose leads will expect to
+only serve in that role for a limited time (on the order of 2 to 5 years), and
+whose members can have opportunities to take on that leadership role themselves.
+
+# Guide-level explanation
+[guide-level-explanation]: #guide-level-explanation
+
+The Rust Compiler Team uses a rolling co-leadership model of governance, with a
+senior lead and a junior lead each serving the team as team representatives and
+decision owners, for a total of two to five years.
+
+Roughly every one to two years, a new junior lead is selected, the current
+junior promoted to senior, and the current senior returns to being a normal
+compiler team member.
+
+# Reference-level explanation
+[reference-level-explanation]: #reference-level-explanation
+
+The Rust Compiler Team uses a rolling co-leadership model of governance, with a
+senior lead and a junior lead each serving the team as team representatives and
+decision owners, for a total of two to five years.
+
+## Team Representative
+
+The leads represent the compiler team by speaking with Rust users, individual
+contributors, or organizations seeking to support development of Rust; they also
+represent the team by engaging with other teams in the Rust project.
+
+A team lead must have a rough understanding (at least) of what tasks fall under
+the remit of the compiler team, and which are better suited for another one of
+the Rust teams.
+
+A team lead should be aware of what large scale initiatives are happening within
+the compiler, so that they can speak in an informed manner about what issues in
+the compiler are being addressed, and which issues are not likely to be
+addressed in the near term.
+
+A team lead should be aware of what painpoints (technical, social, etc) that the
+compiler team is suffering from most. The leads should be prepared to provide
+advice on how others can provide support, and the leads should be prepared to
+reach out on behalf of the team to identify external stakeholders to the team
+who could drive progress forward on resolving issues that face the team.
+
+The leads' representation of the team should manifest itself via structured
+communication, such as blog posts on https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/
+
+## Decision Owner
+
+The leads own decisions on behalf of the compiler team.
+
+Most choices made by the team are consensus-driven by the usual "FCP all-but-two
+with no concerns" process.
+
+The leads own making decisions about urgent issues or ones with a specific
+deadline. For example, deciding what to do about a critical release-blocking bug
+should happen before the release, preferably long before. Likewise,
+beta-backport decisions need to be made in time for the backport to happen
+before the beta is lifted to stable.
+
+Finally, when adverse events happen, the leads are responsible for reviewing
+what decisions or processes led to the event, and taking action to prevent
+future occurrences of the same event. Examples of this include the incr-comp bug
+that plagued the 1.52.0 release, which led to a 1.52.1 release four days later
+(and three steering meetings as follow-up).
+
+## Time Commitment, Expectations, and Competencies
+
+Let us recall that any compiler team member is allowed to:
+
+* drive progress on backlogged work,
+* draft steering meeting proposals, and often write the associated steering meeting document to drive the meetings,
+* solicit individuals to form working groups to address important problems,
+* take on the resolution of unassigned or abandoned P-critical or P-high issues, and
+* drive larger initiatives related to the compiler.
+
+None of that is exclusively the domain of team leads, though the team leads are
+expected to take part in such activities as time permits.
+
+The compiler team leads need to do the following as well:
+
+* issue “unilateral approval” for decisions (such as beta backports) that are either urgent or are trivial enough to not require team discussion,
+* drive the two weekly meetings (Thursday triage, and Friday steering),
+* engage in asynchronous zulip conversations amongst Rust leadership,
+* author communication on behalf of the team (such as the 1.52.1 blog post and the 2022 ambitions blog post),
+* coordinate with each other as co-leads, either in an on-demand manner, or via periodic "sync-up" meetings.
+
+We expect these leadership related duties may consume 8 hours per week, on
+average, with high variance. That’s in addition to whatever time one might spend
+on actual development work on Rust itself.
+
+Any member of the T-compiler already has the technical competencies necessary to
+be a lead for the team. (For example, they need to build the compiler and run
+its test suite, bisect the git history, and post pull requests, especially ones
+that revert existing changes.)
+
+A person who leads the team *also* needs enough social connection with the
+other T-compiler team members to feel comfortable reaching out for one-on-one
+communication when necessary.
+
+Thus, the main prerequisites to be a candidate for T-compiler leadership are
+"membership in the T-compiler team" and "regularly attends the Thursday and
+Friday T-compiler meetings." (A record of leadership on one or more project
+groups or working groups is probably a good thing to have as well, but is not a
+strict requirement.)
+
+## Term Length and Leader Selection
+
+> *"Choose your leaders with wisdom and forethought.*
+> *To be led by a coward is to be controlled by all that the coward fears.*
+> *To be led by a fool is to be led by the opportunists who control the fool.*
+> *To be led by a thief is to offer up your most precious treasures to be stolen.*
+> *To be led by a liar is to ask to be told lies.*
+> *To be led by a tyrant is to sell yourself and those you love into slavery."*
+> -- Octavia E. Butler
+
+The Rust Compiler Team uses rolling co-leadership model of governance, with a
+senior lead and a junior lead. After serving in their positions for one to two
+years, the leaders, with input from the team, select a teammate who is not a
+current lead, and that teammate becomes the new junior lead. The old junior lead
+becomes the new senior lead, and the old senior lead is again a normal compiler
+team member.
+
+The specific term length is left variable since the timing for when a shift in
+leadership makes sense will depend on context.
+
+In code:
+
+```
+enum Level { Senior, Junior }
+struct Member { lead: Option<Level>, ... }
+
+fn roll(curr_senior: &mut Member, curr_junior: &mut Member, incoming: &mut Member) {
+    assert_eq!(curr_senior.lead, Some(Level::Senior));
+    assert_eq!(curr_junior.lead, Some(Level::Junior));
+    assert_ne!(curr_senior, incoming);
+    assert_ne!(curr_junior, incoming);
+    curr_senior.lead = None;
+    curr_junior.lead = Some(Level::Senior);
+    incoming.lead = Some(Level::Junior);
+}
+```
+
+### Selection process
+
+When the senior co-lead decides that they are ready to step down, and have
+confirmed that the junior co-lead feels ready to take on the senior co-lead
+role, then the two tell the T-compiler team privately about the intention to
+have a rollover in leadership.
+
+Then the T-compiler team members can nominate their teammates to serve as the
+new junior co-lead. We here follow the model of our FCP process: The leads
+should provide a ten-day window for nominations to come in, unless they get
+confirmation that the set of nominations is complete.
+
+After nomination is completed, the outgoing senior and junior co-leads discuss
+the set of nominees, and also, if desired, have short discussions with the
+nominees. Then, the senior and junior co-leads select the new co-lead from the
+set of nominees. And that’s it! Then current leads just need to publish a blog
+post saying that the leadership is scheduled to roll over, who the new junior
+lead is, and the date that it takes effect.
+
+# Drawbacks
+[drawbacks]: #drawbacks
+
+Why should we *not* do this?
+
+Committing to specific term lengths puts pressure on the leads to identify new
+leaders earlier than they might otherwise. Note that if the leads fail to identify 
+any suitable candidates, then we will have hit a (hopefully exceptional) situation 
+where we will need to ask the current leadership to stay on board for longer than
+expected. At that point, the leads' ongoing goals **must** include the proactive 
+seeking of the next generation of leaders.
+
+# Rationale and alternatives
+[rationale-and-alternatives]: #rationale-and-alternatives
+
+## Rolling, not Rotation
+
+We specify here a rolling leadership process, where we will see a shift in
+leads, but not every team member is required to serve as a leader at any point.
+An alternative model is a true *rotating leadership*, where every team member
+will eventually become a lead.
+
+Our rationale for this is that we do not think every team member is interested
+in becoming a lead. If we adopted a true rotation and forced someone to become a
+lead who did not really want the role, then that probably be bad for that
+individual, and probably would be bad for the team as well.
+
+## Selection, Not Election
+
+We specify here that the new junior lead is *selected* (from a set of
+individuals nominated by the compiler team) by the current leads. An obvious
+alternative would be a pure democracy where the electorate (either the compiler
+team, or some superset thereof) gets to vote for who the new junior lead will
+be.
+
+When it comes to co-leadership, the two leaders need to be able to work
+together effectively; we believe they need compatible working styles
+and complementary sets of skills. Therefore, we currently are choosing a
+system where the
+current leaders have final say on who the next junior lead will be, in order to
+optimize for healthy intra-leader communications.
+
+## Do Nothing?
+
+If we stick with the status quo, where no protocol is specified at all, that
+would not be the end of the world. We can certainly *emulate* any model we want;
+the [original doc](https://hackmd.io/2dnAg2SNS5CbRkljqLHaeg?view#A-%E2%80%9CNew%E2%80%9D-Process)
+argues that the process described here matches what the team has already informally employed.
+
+However, there is value in setting down formal expectations. It is *healthy* for
+us to tell our teammates: We want each of you to have a chance to perform in
+this same role, if that appeals to you, and we want it to happen in a time frame
+that is within sight, not some far off future.
+
+
+# Prior art
+[prior-art]: #prior-art
+
+Obviously the Rust governance RFC specified aspects of project leadership:
+https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1068-rust-governance.html
+
+pnkfelix isn't sure what other Programming Languages or Projects have adopted a
+formal structure for rolling or rotating leadership. Many use a
+[BDFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_dictator_for_life) model
+instead.
+
+Python did have a formal [abdication][python-xfer] of BDFL from Guido van Rossum,
+but it explicitly chose not to establish a successor.
+
+[python-xfer]: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-committers/2018-July/005664.html
+
+
+# Unresolved questions
+[unresolved-questions]: #unresolved-questions
+
+- What parts of the design do you expect to resolve through the RFC process before this gets merged?
+
+Are the term-lengths anywhere near appropriate?
+
+Wesley asked this question on an earlier draft of this:
+> Given the flexible time commitment, a tenure of this length basically requires
+> the lead to be somebody that works on Rust as part of their job. I'm not sure
+> we want to limit our pool of candidates to just those people.
+
+# Future possibilities
+[future-possibilities]: #future-possibilities
+
+Should other large teams look into adopting this model?
+
+Many small teams do not have sufficiently large membership to justify two
+co-leads; can this same system work fine there, and just rely on calibrating new
+leaders amongst all the participating members (which, since we're talking about
+small teams, would be a relatively small set of people)?