ci: run gha Core CI tests against ubuntu-22.04

[shoenig]

There is now a 22.04 runner option available for GitHub Actions
actions/runner-images#5490

Let's switch the GHA Core CI tests so that we will be testing against machines making use of cgroups v2.

The Circle runners will remain on 20.04, covering cgroups v1 code paths.

[shoenig]

some failures that seem new on this OS

=== RUN   TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse/multi_ip_sock-addr_template
    consul_test.go:204: 
        	Error Trace:	consul_test.go:204
        	Error:      	An error is expected but got nil.
        	Test:       	TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse/multi_ip_sock-addr_template
--- FAIL: TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse (0.00s)
    --- PASS: TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse/string_address_keeps_working (0.00s)
    --- PASS: TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse/single_ip_sock-addr_template (0.00s)
    --- FAIL: TestConsulConfig_IpTemplateParse/multi_ip_sock-addr_template (0.00s)

this test seems to hang

➜ go test -v -run TestIntegration_Command_RoundTripJob 
=== RUN   TestIntegration_Command_RoundTripJob
[INFO] freeport: detected ephemeral port range of [32768, 60999]
...
panic: test timed out after 10m0s

goroutine 50163 [running]:
testing.(*M).startAlarm.func1()
	/opt/google/go/src/testing/testing.go:2029 +0x8e
created by time.goFunc
	/opt/google/go/src/time/sleep.go:176 +0x32
...

[shoenig]

Did this in #13059

[github-actions]

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