you can control an arduino based robot, you can view data on your computer, you can plot that data, you can display video from its camera, you can edit the video.....and much more all with Python and Arduino C++
to run the python app you need to install some packages:
On Linux open up a terminal and type: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install python-pip python-numpy python-scipy python-matplotlib python-opencv libopencv-* wxgtk2.8 sudo pip install pyserial
on Fedora, Red Hat replace the apt-get with yum