本项目使用 Spring Boot 和 MyBatis 实现多数据源,动态数据源的切换;有多种不同的实现方式,在学习的过程中发现没有文章将这些方式和常见的问题集中处理,所以将常用的方式和常见的问题都写在了在本项目的不同分支上:
- master: 使用了多数据源的 RESTful API 接口,使用 Druid 实现了 DAO 层数据源动态切换和只读数据源负载均衡
- dev: 最简单的切面和注解方式实现的动态数据源切换
- druid: 通过切面和注解方式实现的使用 Druid 连接池的动态数据源切换
- aspect_dao: 通过切面实现的 DAO 层的动态数据源切换
- roundrobin: 通过切面使用轮询方式实现的只读数据源负载均衡
- hikari: 升级到SpringBoot 2.0版本 数据源使用 Hikar
- 多数据源分布式事务: 使用 Seata 实现的多数据源事务
以上分支都是基于 dev 分支修改或扩充而来,基本涵盖了常用的多数据源动态切换的方式,基本的原理都一样,都是通过切面根据不同的条件在执行数据库操作前切换数据源
在使用的过程中基本踩遍了所有动态数据源切换的坑,将常见的一些坑和解决方法写在了 Issues 里面
该项目使用了一个可写数据源和多个只读数据源,为了减少数据库压力,使用轮循的方式选择只读数据源;考虑到在一个 Service 中同时会有读和写的操作,所以本应用使用 AOP 切面通过 DAO 层的方法名切换只读数据源;但这种方式要求数据源主从一致,并且应当避免在同一个 Service 方法中写入后立即查询,如果必须在执行写入操作后立即读取,应当在 Service 方法上添加
@Transactional
注解以保证使用主数据源
需要注意的是,使用 DAO 层切面后不应该在 Service 类层面上加
@Transactional
注解,而应该添加在方法上,这也是 Spring 推荐的做法
动态切换数据源依赖
configuration
包下的4个类来实现,分别是:
- DataSourceRoutingDataSource.java
- DataSourceConfigurer.java
- DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.java
- DynamicDataSourceAspect.java
dependencies {
compile('org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:1.3.2')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-aop')
runtime('mysql:mysql-connector-java')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
- 分别创建数据库
product_master
,product_slave_alpha
,product_slave_beta
,product_slave_gamma
- 在以上数据库中分别创建表
product
,并插入不同数据
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS product_master;
CREATE DATABASE product_master;
CREATE TABLE product_master.product(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
price DOUBLE(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0);
INSERT INTO product_master.product (name, price) VALUES('master', '1');
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS product_slave_alpha;
CREATE DATABASE product_slave_alpha;
CREATE TABLE product_slave_alpha.product(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
price DOUBLE(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0);
INSERT INTO product_slave_alpha.product (name, price) VALUES('slaveAlpha', '1');
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS product_slave_beta;
CREATE DATABASE product_slave_beta;
CREATE TABLE product_slave_beta.product(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
price DOUBLE(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0);
INSERT INTO product_slave_beta.product (name, price) VALUES('slaveBeta', '1');
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS product_slave_gamma;
CREATE DATABASE product_slave_gamma;
CREATE TABLE product_slave_gamma.product(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
price DOUBLE(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0);
INSERT INTO product_slave_gamma.product (name, price) VALUES('slaveGamma', '1');
- application.properties
spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
# Master datasource config
spring.datasource.hikari.master.name=master
spring.datasource.hikari.master.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.master.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/product_master?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.hikari.master.port=3306
spring.datasource.hikari.master.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.master.password=123456
# SlaveAlpha datasource config
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.name=SlaveAlpha
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/product_slave_alpha?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.port=3306
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha.password=123456
# SlaveBeta datasource config
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.name=SlaveBeta
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/product_slave_beta?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.port=3306
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta.password=123456
# SlaveGamma datasource config
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.name=SlaveGamma
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/product_slave_gamma?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.port=3306
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.username=root
spring.datasource.hikari.slave-gamma.password=123456
spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true
server.port=9999
- DataSourceKey.java
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.common;
public enum DataSourceKey {
master,
slaveAlpha,
slaveBeta,
slaveGamma
}
- DataSourceRoutingDataSource.java
该类继承自
AbstractRoutingDataSource
类,在访问数据库时会调用该类的determineCurrentLookupKey()
方法获取数据库实例的 key
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.configuration;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
public class DynamicRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
logger.info("Current DataSource is [{}]", DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey());
return DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey();
}
}
- DataSourceConfigurer.java
数据源配置类,在该类中生成多个数据源实例并将其注入到
ApplicationContext
中
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.configuration;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfigurer {
/**
* master DataSource
* @Primary 注解用于标识默认使用的 DataSource Bean,因为有5个 DataSource Bean,该注解可用于 master
* 或 slave DataSource Bean, 但不能用于 dynamicDataSource Bean, 否则会产生循环调用
*
* @ConfigurationProperties 注解用于从 application.properties 文件中读取配置,为 Bean 设置属性
* @return data source
*/
@Bean("master")
@Primary
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari.master")
public DataSource master() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
/**
* Slave alpha data source.
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean("slaveAlpha")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari.slave-alpha")
public DataSource slaveAlpha() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
/**
* Slave beta data source.
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean("slaveBeta")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari.slave-beta")
public DataSource slaveBeta() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
/**
* Slave gamma data source.
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean("slaveGamma")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid.slave-gamma")
public DataSource slaveGamma() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
/**
* Dynamic data source.
*
* @return the data source
*/
@Bean("dynamicDataSource")
public DataSource dynamicDataSource() {
DynamicRoutingDataSource dynamicRoutingDataSource = new DynamicRoutingDataSource();
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>(4);
dataSourceMap.put(DataSourceKey.master.name(), master());
dataSourceMap.put(DataSourceKey.slaveAlpha.name(), slaveAlpha());
dataSourceMap.put(DataSourceKey.slaveBeta.name(), slaveBeta());
dataSourceMap.put(DataSourceKey.slaveGamma.name(), slaveGamma());
// 将 master 数据源作为默认指定的数据源
dynamicRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(master());
// 将 master 和 slave 数据源作为指定的数据源
dynamicRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
// 将数据源的 key 放到数据源上下文的 key 集合中,用于切换时判断数据源是否有效
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceKeys.addAll(dataSourceMap.keySet());
// 将 Slave 数据源的 key 放在集合中,用于轮循
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.slaveDataSourceKeys.addAll(dataSourceMap.keySet());
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.slaveDataSourceKeys.remove(DataSourceKey.master.name());
return dynamicRoutingDataSource;
}
/**
* 配置 SqlSessionFactoryBean
* @ConfigurationProperties 在这里是为了将 MyBatis 的 mapper 位置和持久层接口的别名设置到
* Bean 的属性中,如果没有使用 *.xml 则可以不用该配置,否则将会产生 invalid bond statement 异常
*
* @return the sql session factory bean
*/
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis")
public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean() {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
// 配置 MyBatis
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.mapper");
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("mappers/**Mapper.xml"));
// 配置数据源,此处配置为关键配置,如果没有将 dynamicDataSource 作为数据源则不能实现切换
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
}
/**
* 注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 用于事务管理
*/
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
}
}
- DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.java
该类为数据源上下文配置,用于切换数据源
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.configuration;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.common.DataSourceKey;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.class);
/**
* 用于轮循的计数器
*/
private static int counter = 0;
/**
* Maintain variable for every thread, to avoid effect other thread
*/
private static final ThreadLocal<Object> CONTEXT_HOLDER = ThreadLocal.withInitial(DataSourceKey.master);
/**
* All DataSource List
*/
public static List<Object> dataSourceKeys = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* The constant slaveDataSourceKeys.
*/
public static List<Object> slaveDataSourceKeys = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* To switch DataSource
*
* @param key the key
*/
public static void setDataSourceKey(String key) {
CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(key);
}
/**
* Use master data source.
*/
public static void useMasterDataSource() {
CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(DataSourceKey.master);
}
/**
* 当使用只读数据源时通过轮循方式选择要使用的数据源
*/
public static void useSlaveDataSource() {
try {
int datasourceKeyIndex = counter % slaveDataSourceKeys.size();
CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(String.valueOf(slaveDataSourceKeys.get(datasourceKeyIndex)));
counter++;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Switch slave datasource failed, error message is {}", e.getMessage());
useMasterDataSource();
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Get current DataSource
*
* @return data source key
*/
public static String getDataSourceKey() {
return CONTEXT_HOLDER.get();
}
/**
* To set DataSource as default
*/
public static void clearDataSourceKey() {
CONTEXT_HOLDER.remove();
}
/**
* Check if give DataSource is in current DataSource list
*
* @param key the key
* @return boolean boolean
*/
public static boolean containDataSourceKey(String key) {
return dataSourceKeys.contains(key);
}
}
- DynamicDataSourceAspect.java
动态数据源切换的切面,切 DAO 层,通过 DAO 层方法名判断使用哪个数据源,实现数据源切换 关于切面的 Order 可以可以不设,因为
@Transactional
是最低的,取决于其他切面的设置,并且在org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator
会重新排序
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.configuration;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Aspect
@Component
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceAspect.class);
private final String[] QUERY_PREFIX = {"get"};
@Pointcut("execution( * cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.mapper.*.*(..))")
public void daoAspect() {
}
@Before("daoAspect()")
public void switchDataSource(JoinPoint point) {
Boolean isQueryMethod = isQueryMethod(point.getSignature().getName());
if (isQueryMethod) {
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.useSlaveDataSource();
logger.info("Switch DataSource to [{}] in Method [{}]",
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey(), point.getSignature());
}
}
@After("daoAspect()")
public void restoreDataSource(JoinPoint point) {
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceKey();
logger.info("Restore DataSource to [{}] in Method [{}]",
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey(), point.getSignature());
}
private Boolean isQueryMethod(String methodName) {
for (String prefix : QUERY_PREFIX) {
if (methodName.startsWith(prefix)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
- ProductController.java
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.controller;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.common.CommonResponse;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.common.ResponseUtil;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.modal.Product;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.service.ProductService;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.utils.ServiceException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public CommonResponse getProduct(@PathVariable("id") Long productId) throws ServiceException {
return ResponseUtil.generateResponse(productService.select(productId));
}
@GetMapping
public CommonResponse getAllProduct() {
return ResponseUtil.generateResponse(productService.getAllProduct());
}
@PutMapping("/{id}")
public CommonResponse updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") Long productId, @RequestBody Product newProduct) throws ServiceException {
return ResponseUtil.generateResponse(productService.update(productId, newProduct));
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public CommonResponse deleteProduct(@PathVariable("id") long productId) throws ServiceException {
return ResponseUtil.generateResponse(productService.delete(productId));
}
@PostMapping
public CommonResponse addProduct(@RequestBody Product newProduct) throws ServiceException {
return ResponseUtil.generateResponse(productService.add(newProduct));
}
}
- ProductService.java
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.service;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.mapper.ProductDao;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.modal.Product;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.utils.ServiceException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
public Product select(long productId) throws ServiceException {
Product product = productDao.select(productId);
if (product == null) {
throw new ServiceException("Product:" + productId + " not found");
}
return product;
}
@Transactional(rollbackFor = DataAccessException.class)
public Product update(long productId, Product newProduct) throws ServiceException {
if (productDao.update(newProduct) <= 0) {
throw new ServiceException("Update product:" + productId + "failed");
}
return newProduct;
}
@Transactional(rollbackFor = DataAccessException.class)
public boolean add(Product newProduct) throws ServiceException {
Integer num = productDao.insert(newProduct);
if (num <= 0) {
throw new ServiceException("Add product failed");
}
return true;
}
@Transactional(rollbackFor = DataAccessException.class)
public boolean delete(long productId) throws ServiceException {
Integer num = productDao.delete(productId);
if (num <= 0) {
throw new ServiceException("Delete product:" + productId + "failed");
}
return true;
}
public List<Product> getAllProduct() {
return productDao.getAllProduct();
}
}
- ProductDao.java
package cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.mapper;
import cn.com.hellowood.dynamicdatasource.modal.Product;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
public interface ProductDao {
Product select(@Param("id") long id);
Integer update(Product product);
Integer insert(Product product);
Integer delete(long productId);
List<Product> getAllProduct();
}
- ProductMapper.xml
启动项目,此时访问
/product/1
会返回product_master
数据库中product
表中的所有数据,多次访问/product
会分别返回product_slave_alpha
、product_slave_beta
、product_slave_gamma
数据库中product
表中的数据,同时也可以在看到切换数据源的 log,说明动态切换数据源是有效的
在该应用中因为使用了 DAO 层的切面切换数据源,所以
@Transactional
注解不能加在类上,只能用于方法;有@Trasactional
注解的方法无法切换数据源