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[LeetCode] 275. H-Index II #275

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 1 comment
Open

[LeetCode] 275. H-Index II #275

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 1 comment

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given an array of citations sorted in ascending order (each citation is a non-negative integer) of a researcher, write a function to compute the researcher's h-index.

According to the definition of h-index on Wikipedia: "A scientist has index  h  if  h  of his/her  N  papers have at least  h  citations each, and the other  N − h  papers have no more than  h citations each."

Example:

Input: citations = [0,1,3,5,6]
Output: 3 
Explanation: [0,1,3,5,6] means the researcher has 5 papers in total and each of them had 
             received 0, 1, 3, 5, 6 citations respectively. 
             Since the researcher has 3 papers with at least 3 citations each and the remaining 
             two with no more than 3 citations each, her h-index is 3.

Note:

If there are several possible values for  h , the maximum one is taken as the h-index.

Follow up:

  • This is a follow up problem to H-Index, where citations is now guaranteed to be sorted in ascending order.
  • Could you solve it in logarithmic time complexity?

 

这题是之前那道 H-Index 的拓展,输入数组是有序的,让我们在 O(log n) 的时间内完成计算,看到这个时间复杂度,而且数组又是有序的,应该有很敏锐的意识应该用二分查找法,属于博主之前的总结帖 LeetCode Binary Search Summary 二分搜索法小结 中的第五类,目标值 target 会随着 mid 值的变化而变化,这里的 right 的初始值和 while 循环条件是否加等号是需要注意的问题,一般来说,博主的习惯是把 right 初始化为数组的长度,然后循环条件中不加等号,但是这种 right 的初始化对于这种目标值不固定的情况下不好使,需要初始化为长度减1(目前博主还没有遇到反例,有的话请务必告知博主)。那么此时循环条件中是否要加等号,这个其实很玄学,在 Find Peak Element 中,right 也是初始化为数组长度减1,但是循环条件却不能加等号。这道题却一定需要加等号,否则会跪在 [0] 这个 test case,有些时候固有的规律并不好使,可能只能代一些 corner case 来进行检验,比如 [], [0], [1,2] 这种最简便的例子。

基于上面的分析,我们最先初始化 left 和 right 为0和 len-1,然后取中间值 mid,比较 citations[mid] 和 len-mid 做比较,如果前者大,则 right 移到 mid 之前,反之 right 移到 mid 之后,循环条件是 left<=right,最后返回 len-left 即可,参见代码如下:

 

class Solution {
public:
    int hIndex(vector<int>& citations) {
        int len = citations.size(), left = 0, right = len - 1;
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = 0.5 * (left + right);
            if (citations[mid] == len - mid) return len - mid;
            else if (citations[mid] > len - mid) right = mid - 1;
            else left = mid + 1;
        }
        return len - left;
    }
};

 

类似题目:

H-Index

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/h-index-ii/

https://leetcode.com/problems/h-index-ii/discuss/71063/Standard-binary-search

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

@frdmu
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frdmu commented Jul 13, 2021

题目的思路274. H-Index是一样的,按照维基百科上的算法:

  • 1.先把数组降序排列
  • 2.再遍历数组,如果citations[i] > i,h++

区别就是本题已经把数组升序排列好了,需要转化一下,举个例子:

citations 0 1 3 5 6 (1)
升序索引 0 1 2 3 4 (2)
降序索引 4 3 2 1 0 (3)

现在如果只看(1)和(3),就会发现,它和274. H-Index是一样的,即(注意对应关系,比如6->0,5->1...):

citations 6 5 3 1 0 (1)
降序索引 0 1 2 3 4 (3)

不难看出,满足citations[i] > i的共有3个。

而(2)和(3)之间是有关系的,即 (2) + (3) = n-1。如0+4 = 1+3 = 4
所以问题就从

274. H-Index的citations[i] > i (4)

变为现在的

citations[i] > n-1-i (5)

如同样是满足citations[i] > i, 对于5>1,在降序序列中是citations[1] > 1,在升序序列中就变为citations[3]> 4-3

所以问题就转化为在citations = [0,1,3,5,6]中寻找第一个citations[i] > n-1-i 的元素,且h = n-该元素的索引。
这里可以直接套用LeetCode Binary Search Summary 二分搜索法小结第三类模板,代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int hIndex(vector<int>& citations) {
        int n = citations.size(); 
        int left = 0, right = n;

        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; 
            if (citations[mid] <= n-1-mid) left = mid + 1;
            else right = mid;
        }

        return n - right; 
    }
};

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