When creating a project with these two plugins applied:

plugins {
  id 'io.quarkus' version '2.15.3.Final'
  id 'com.google.protobuf' version '0.9.2'
}

I receive the following error:

An exception occurred applying plugin request [id: 'com.google.protobuf', version: '0.9.2']
> Failed to apply plugin 'com.google.protobuf'.
   > Configuration with name 'native-testCompileOnly' not found.

It appears to me that Protobuf is expecting a Java project that creates a source set will always have companion source sets with the "compileOnly" and "implementation" suffixes. It's this expectation that appears to cause the issue.

My next comment will have a reproducer and the full stack trace.

While realistically there's not really going to be many legitimate reasons to combine these two plugins, and is honestly a shortcut on my part, nevertheless I thought it revealed a potential deeper issue and worth reporting.