feat(core): Add captureSpan pipeline and helpers

[Lms24]

This PR adds the captureSpan pipeline, which takes a Span instance, processes it and ultimately returns a SerializedStreamedSpan which can then be enqueued into the span buffer.

ref #17836

[github-actions]

Codecov Results 📊

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Generated by Codecov Action

[github-actions]

Codecov Results 📊

✅ 25 passed | ⏭️ 5 skipped | Total: 30 | Pass Rate: 83.33% | Execution Time: 13.33s

All tests are passing successfully.

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Generated by Codecov Action

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size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	25.44 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	23.91 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	42.39 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Profiling)	47.04 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	81.07 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	70.64 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	85.77 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	97.94 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	42.16 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	30.12 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	35.13 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics)	26.55 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Logs)	26.7 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics & Logs)	27.36 kB	added	added
@sentry/react	27.17 kB	added	added
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	44.64 kB	added	added
@sentry/vue	30.03 kB	added	added
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	44.2 kB	added	added
@sentry/svelte	25.45 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle	27.97 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	43.16 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics)	28.81 kB	added	added
⛔️ CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics) (max: 44 kB)	44.02 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics)	67.76 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	79.91 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics)	80.8 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	85.38 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics)	86.27 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	81.81 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	127.81 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	84.65 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	130.65 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	208.03 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	244.42 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	247.24 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	257.22 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	260.03 kB	added	added
@sentry/nextjs (client)	46.98 kB	added	added
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	42.77 kB	added	added
@sentry/node-core	52.18 kB	added	added
@sentry/node	166.36 kB	added	added
@sentry/node - without tracing	93.96 kB	added	added
@sentry/aws-serverless	109.48 kB	added	added

[github-actions]

node-overhead report 🧳

Note: This is a synthetic benchmark with a minimal express app and does not necessarily reflect the real-world performance impact in an application.

Scenario	Requests/s	% of Baseline	Prev. Requests/s	Change %
GET Baseline	9,381	-	-	added
GET With Sentry	1,667	18%	-	added
GET With Sentry (error only)	6,092	65%	-	added
POST Baseline	1,198	-	-	added
POST With Sentry	595	50%	-	added
POST With Sentry (error only)	1,067	89%	-	added
MYSQL Baseline	3,344	-	-	added
MYSQL With Sentry	479	14%	-	added
MYSQL With Sentry (error only)	2,701	81%	-	added