[python3.14] pydantic.errors.PydanticUserError: Field 'id' requires a type annotation (but it is annotated)

[masenf]

First Check

• I added a very descriptive title here.
• I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it.
• I searched the SQLModel documentation, with the integrated search.
• I already searched in Google "How to X in SQLModel" and didn't find any information.
• I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
• I already checked if it is not related to SQLModel but to Pydantic.
• I already checked if it is not related to SQLModel but to SQLAlchemy.

Commit to Help

• I commit to help with one of those options 👆

Example Code

import sqlmodel

class User(sqlmodel.SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int = sqlmodel.Field(primary_key=True)

Description

An exception is raised

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "//test.py", line 3, in <module>
    class User(sqlmodel.SQLModel, table=True):
        id: int = sqlmodel.Field(primary_key=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/sqlmodel/main.py", line 539, in __new__
    new_cls = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dict_used, **config_kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py", line 132, in __new__
    private_attributes = inspect_namespace(
        namespace, raw_annotations, config_wrapper.ignored_types, class_vars, base_field_names
    )
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py", line 477, in inspect_namespace
    raise PydanticUserError(
        f'Field {var_name!r} requires a type annotation', code='model-field-missing-annotation'
    )
pydantic.errors.PydanticUserError: Field 'id' requires a type annotation

For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/u/model-field-missing-annotation

python3.14.0rc3

root@ed5736fde35f:/# pip list
Package           Version
----------------- -------
annotated-types   0.7.0
pip               25.2
pydantic          2.12.0
pydantic_core     2.41.1
SQLAlchemy        2.0.43
sqlmodel          0.0.25
typing_extensions 4.15.0
typing-inspection 0.4.2

Operating System

Linux

Operating System Details

docker container: python:3.14.0rc3

SQLModel Version

0.25.0

Python Version

3.14.0rc3

Additional Context

In python3.14, the class namespace key __annotations__ may not be fully populated. Instead, the namespace may contain an __annotate_func__ which can be called to get the annotations.

Note that before the class is constructed, this function is known as __annotate_func__ rather than __annotate__

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__annotate__

With the following patch, sqlmodel seems to work properly on python3.14

diff --git a/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/sqlmodel/_compat.py b/root/_compat.py
index 38dd501..19961c2 100644
--- a/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/sqlmodel/_compat.py
+++ b/root/_compat.py
@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ if IS_PYDANTIC_V2:
         object.__setattr__(new_object, "__pydantic_private__", None)
 
     def get_annotations(class_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if (_annotate := class_dict.get("__annotate_func__")) is not None:
+            return _annotate(0)
         return class_dict.get("__annotations__", {})
 
     def is_table_model_class(cls: Type[Any]) -> bool:
@@ -422,8 +424,12 @@ else:
         object.__setattr__(new_object, "__fields_set__", set())
 
     def get_annotations(class_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if (_annotate := class_dict.get("__annotate_func__")) is not None:
+            annotations = _annotate(0)
+        else:
+            annotations = class_dict.get("__annotations__", {})
         return resolve_annotations(  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
-            class_dict.get("__annotations__", {}),
+            annotations,
             class_dict.get("__module__", None),
         )

[svlandeg]

Hi @masenf, thanks for the report! I was just looking into this as well, #1578 should fix this, though with a slightly different implementation.

In your proposed diff, I don't think you need to adjust anything in the second def get_annotations, as this is in the "Pydantic v1" else part.

[masenf]

Thanks for the ref, idk how that didn't turn up in my searches...

[svlandeg]

I only wrote the PR description today, after I had figured out all the issues with the PydanticUserError, so that's probably why you didn't see it yesterday 😉

[svlandeg]

This should now be fixed with the release of sqlmodel 0.0.27 😎