[Flight] Progressively Enhanced Server Actions (#26774)

This automatically exposes `$$FORM_ACTIONS` on Server References coming
from Flight. So that when they're used in a form action, we can encode
the ID for the server reference as a hidden field or as part of the name
of a button.

If the Server Action is a bound function it can have complex data
associated with it. In this case this additional data is encoded as
additional form fields.

To process a POST on the server there's now a `decodeAction` helper that
can take one of these progressive posts from FormData and give you a
function that is prebound with the correct closure and FormData so that
you can just invoke it.

I updated the fixture which now has a "Server State" that gets
automatically refreshed. This also lets us visualize form fields.
There's no "Action State" here for showing error messages that are not
thrown, that's still up to user space.

fixtures/flight/server/global.js

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ app.all('/', async function (req, res, next) {
   if (req.get('rsc-action')) {
     proxiedHeaders['Content-type'] = req.get('Content-type');
     proxiedHeaders['rsc-action'] = req.get('rsc-action');
+  } else if (req.get('Content-type')) {
+    proxiedHeaders['Content-type'] = req.get('Content-type');
   }
 
   const promiseForData = request(

fixtures/flight/server/region.js

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
 const busboy = require('busboy');
 const app = express();
 const compress = require('compression');
+const {Readable} = require('node:stream');
 
 app.use(compress());
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ const {readFile} = require('fs').promises;
 
 const React = require('react');
 
-app.get('/', async function (req, res) {
+async function renderApp(res, returnValue) {
   const {renderToPipeableStream} = await import(
     'react-server-dom-webpack/server'
   );
@@ -91,37 +92,74 @@ app.get('/', async function (req, res) {
     ),
     React.createElement(App),
   ];
-  const {pipe} = renderToPipeableStream(root, moduleMap);
+  // For client-invoked server actions we refresh the tree and return a return value.
+  const payload = returnValue ? {returnValue, root} : root;
+  const {pipe} = renderToPipeableStream(payload, moduleMap);
   pipe(res);
+}
+
+app.get('/', async function (req, res) {
+  await renderApp(res, null);
 });
 
 app.post('/', bodyParser.text(), async function (req, res) {
-  const {renderToPipeableStream, decodeReply, decodeReplyFromBusboy} =
-    await import('react-server-dom-webpack/server');
+  const {
+    renderToPipeableStream,
+    decodeReply,
+    decodeReplyFromBusboy,
+    decodeAction,
+  } = await import('react-server-dom-webpack/server');
   const serverReference = req.get('rsc-action');
-  const [filepath, name] = serverReference.split('#');
-  const action = (await import(filepath))[name];
-  // Validate that this is actually a function we intended to expose and
-  // not the client trying to invoke arbitrary functions. In a real app,
-  // you'd have a manifest verifying this before even importing it.
-  if (action.$$typeof !== Symbol.for('react.server.reference')) {
-    throw new Error('Invalid action');
-  }
-
-  let args;
-  if (req.is('multipart/form-data')) {
-    // Use busboy to streamingly parse the reply from form-data.
-    const bb = busboy({headers: req.headers});
-    const reply = decodeReplyFromBusboy(bb);
-    req.pipe(bb);
-    args = await reply;
+  if (serverReference) {
+    // This is the client-side case
+    const [filepath, name] = serverReference.split('#');
+    const action = (await import(filepath))[name];
+    // Validate that this is actually a function we intended to expose and
+    // not the client trying to invoke arbitrary functions. In a real app,
+    // you'd have a manifest verifying this before even importing it.
+    if (action.$$typeof !== Symbol.for('react.server.reference')) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid action');
+    }
+
+    let args;
+    if (req.is('multipart/form-data')) {
+      // Use busboy to streamingly parse the reply from form-data.
+      const bb = busboy({headers: req.headers});
+      const reply = decodeReplyFromBusboy(bb);
+      req.pipe(bb);
+      args = await reply;
+    } else {
+      args = await decodeReply(req.body);
+    }
+    const result = action.apply(null, args);
+    try {
+      // Wait for any mutations
+      await result;
+    } catch (x) {
+      // We handle the error on the client
+    }
+    // Refresh the client and return the value
+    renderApp(res, result);
   } else {
-    args = await decodeReply(req.body);
+    // This is the progressive enhancement case
+    const UndiciRequest = require('undici').Request;
+    const fakeRequest = new UndiciRequest('http://localhost', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {'Content-Type': req.headers['content-type']},
+      body: Readable.toWeb(req),
+      duplex: 'half',
+    });
+    const formData = await fakeRequest.formData();
+    const action = await decodeAction(formData);
+    try {
+      // Wait for any mutations
+      await action();
+    } catch (x) {
+      const {setServerState} = await import('../src/ServerState.js');
+      setServerState('Error: ' + x.message);
+    }
+    renderApp(res, null);
   }
-
-  const result = action.apply(null, args);
-  const {pipe} = renderToPipeableStream(result, {});
-  pipe(res);
 });
 
 app.get('/todos', function (req, res) {

fixtures/flight/src/App.js

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import Form from './Form.js';
 
 import {like, greet} from './actions.js';
 
+import {getServerState} from './ServerState.js';
+
 export default async function App() {
   const res = await fetch('http://localhost:3001/todos');
   const todos = await res.json();
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ export default async function App() {
       </head>
       <body>
         <Container>
-          <h1>Hello, world</h1>
+          <h1>{getServerState()}</h1>
           <Counter />
           <Counter2 />
           <ul>

fixtures/flight/src/Button.js

@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@ import ErrorBoundary from './ErrorBoundary.js';
 function ButtonDisabledWhilePending({action, children}) {
   const {pending} = useFormStatus();
   return (
-    <button
-      disabled={pending}
-      formAction={async () => {
-        const result = await action();
-        console.log(result);
-      }}>
+    <button disabled={pending} formAction={action}>
       {children}
     </button>
   );

fixtures/flight/src/Form.js

@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ export default function Form({action, children}) {
 
   return (
     <ErrorBoundary>
-      <form
-        action={async formData => {
-          const result = await action(formData);
-          alert(result);
-        }}>
+      <form action={action}>
         <label>
           Name: <input name="name" />
         </label>

fixtures/flight/src/ServerState.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+let serverState = 'Hello World';
+
+export function setServerState(message) {
+  serverState = message;
+}
+
+export function getServerState() {
+  return serverState;
+}

fixtures/flight/src/actions.js

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 'use server';
 
+import {setServerState} from './ServerState.js';
+
 export async function like() {
+  setServerState('Liked!');
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve('Liked'));
 }
 
 export async function greet(formData) {
   const name = formData.get('name') || 'you';
+  setServerState('Hi ' + name);
   const file = formData.get('file');
   if (file) {
     return `Ok, ${name}, here is ${file.name}:

fixtures/flight/src/index.js

@@ -1,34 +1,44 @@
 import * as React from 'react';
-import {use, Suspense} from 'react';
+import {use, Suspense, useState, startTransition} from 'react';
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
 import {createFromFetch, encodeReply} from 'react-server-dom-webpack/client';
 
 // TODO: This should be a dependency of the App but we haven't implemented CSS in Node yet.
 import './style.css';
 
+let updateRoot;
+async function callServer(id, args) {
+  const response = fetch('/', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      Accept: 'text/x-component',
+      'rsc-action': id,
+    },
+    body: await encodeReply(args),
+  });
+  const {returnValue, root} = await createFromFetch(response, {callServer});
+  // Refresh the tree with the new RSC payload.
+  startTransition(() => {
+    updateRoot(root);
+  });
+  return returnValue;
+}
+
 let data = createFromFetch(
   fetch('/', {
     headers: {
       Accept: 'text/x-component',
     },
   }),
   {
-    async callServer(id, args) {
-      const response = fetch('/', {
-        method: 'POST',
-        headers: {
-          Accept: 'text/x-component',
-          'rsc-action': id,
-        },
-        body: await encodeReply(args),
-      });
-      return createFromFetch(response);
-    },
+    callServer,
   }
 );
 
 function Shell({data}) {
-  return use(data);
+  const [root, setRoot] = useState(use(data));
+  updateRoot = setRoot;
+  return root;
 }
 
 ReactDOM.hydrateRoot(document, <Shell data={data} />);

packages/react-client/src/ReactFlightClient.js

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import type {
 
 import type {HintModel} from 'react-server/src/ReactFlightServerConfig';
 
+import type {CallServerCallback} from './ReactFlightReplyClient';
+
 import {
   resolveClientReference,
   preloadModule,
@@ -28,13 +30,16 @@ import {
   dispatchHint,
 } from './ReactFlightClientConfig';
 
-import {knownServerReferences} from './ReactFlightServerReferenceRegistry';
+import {
+  encodeFormAction,
+  knownServerReferences,
+} from './ReactFlightReplyClient';
 
 import {REACT_LAZY_TYPE, REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE} from 'shared/ReactSymbols';
 
 import {getOrCreateServerContext} from 'shared/ReactServerContextRegistry';
 
-export type CallServerCallback = <A, T>(id: any, args: A) => Promise<T>;
+export type {CallServerCallback};
 
 export type JSONValue =
   | number
@@ -500,6 +505,9 @@ function createServerReferenceProxy<A: Iterable<any>, T>(
       return callServer(metaData.id, bound.concat(args));
     });
   };
+  // Expose encoder for use by SSR.
+  // TODO: Only expose this in SSR builds and not the browser client.
+  proxy.$$FORM_ACTION = encodeFormAction;
   knownServerReferences.set(proxy, metaData);
   return proxy;
 }