Argument `BytesIO` is not assignable to parameter `excel_writer` for Pandas

[wyfok]

Describe the Bug

When df.to_excel to a BytesIO , the VS extension flags below error

Argument `BytesIO` is not assignable to parameter `excel_writer` with type `ExcelWriter[Unknown] | PathLike[str] | WriteExcelBuffer | str` in function `pandas.core.generic.NDFrame.to_excel`  

code:

from io import BytesIO
import pandas as pd 
import openpyxl

bytesio = BytesIO()
df = pd.DataFrame(columns = pd.Index(["A","B","C"]))
df.to_excel(bytesio, engine="openpyxl", index=False) 

Sandbox Link

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(Only applicable for extension issues) IDE Information

No response

[Imran-S-heikh]

Hi @yangdanny97,

I looked into this issue and managed to reproduce it. Here is what I found:

Root Cause:
The issue stems from the upstream pandas library's inline type definitions. Pyrefly falls back to reading the pandas source when stubs aren't found. In pandas._typing, WriteExcelBuffer is defined as a Protocol requiring a truncate method:

class WriteExcelBuffer(WriteBuffer[bytes], Protocol):
    def truncate(self, size: int | None = ...) -> int: ...

However, io.BytesIO.truncate is positional-only (def truncate(self, size: int | None = None, /) -> int), which technically fails to satisfy the Protocol's signature (which implies keyword argument support).

The Fix:
Installing the official pandas-stubs fixes this immediately because it redefines WriteExcelBuffer as a Union (e.g., Union[ExcelWriter, str, Path, BytesIO]), explicitly allowing BytesIO and bypassing the strict Protocol mismatch.

Proposal:
Since Pyrefly already bundles stubs for libraries like openpyxl, would you be open to bundling pandas-stubs as well? This would solve the issue out-of-the-box for users without requiring them to install extra dependencies.

I can open a PR to add pandas-stubs to the bundled third-party types if that sounds like the right approach!

[yangdanny97]

Thanks for looking into this!

cc @jvansch1 regarding potentially bundling pandas-stubs w/ Pyrefly

Maybe we could do what we do for django, which is to prompt the user to install the right stubs.

[jvansch1]

@yangdanny97 Thanks for calling this out. I can look into bundling pandas stubs soon.

[github-actions]

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Thank you for your contributions!

[rchen152]

Pyrefly bundles pandas-stubs now: https://github.com/facebook/pyrefly/tree/main/crates/pyrefly_bundled/third_party/stubs/pandas-stubs.