refactor(spec): refactor execute_code into process_message

[fselmo]

🗒️ Description

#2023 backported some changes but it would be good to get them into the development fork and bubble them back up through a rebase into the eips branches. This brings the changes merging execute_code logic with process_message into the development fork to be rebased back into the eips/amsterdam/... branches.

• Cherry-picked original commit
• Added support to all forks in subsequent commit

Based on original comment #2023 (comment)

🔗 Related Issues or PRs

#2023, commit 7495813

✅ Checklist

• All: Ran fast tox checks to avoid unnecessary CI fails, see also Code Standards and Enabling Pre-commit Checks:

  uvx tox -e static

• All: PR title adheres to the repo standard - it will be used as the squash commit message and should start type(scope):.
• All: Considered updating the online docs in the ./docs/ directory.
• All: Set appropriate labels for the changes (only maintainers can apply labels).

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 86.14%. Comparing base (3b9b018) to head (b256fbb).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on forks/amsterdam.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                 Coverage Diff                 @@
##           forks/amsterdam    #2061      +/-   ##
===================================================
- Coverage            86.16%   86.14%   -0.02%     
===================================================
  Files                  599      599              
  Lines                39527    39472      -55     
  Branches              3780     3780              
===================================================
- Hits                 34059    34004      -55     
  Misses                4847     4847              
  Partials               621      621              

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	86.14% <100.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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[marioevz]

LGTM. Logic seems to be exactly the same in all forks. Thanks for this!