Add FIPS check for .deb artifacts

[pchila]

Proposed commit message

Add a FIPS check for FIPS .deb package tests.
The check is performed by extracting the data.tar.gz from the .deb archive and verifying that the binaries are compiled with the correct settings for FIPS compliance.

This PR is a follow-up for PR #43001

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• [ ] I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• [ ] I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

Disruptive User Impact

Author's Checklist

• [ ]

How to test this PR locally

Related issues

• Closes [FIPS] Add package tests for FIPS .deb packages #43359

Use cases

Screenshots

Logs

[mergify]

This pull request does not have a backport label.
If this is a bug or security fix, could you label this PR @pchila? 🙏.
For such, you'll need to label your PR with:

• The upcoming major version of the Elastic Stack
• The upcoming minor version of the Elastic Stack (if you're not pushing a breaking change)

To fixup this pull request, you need to add the backport labels for the needed
branches, such as:

• backport-8./d is the label to automatically backport to the 8./d branch. /d is the digit
• backport-active-all is the label that automatically backports to all active branches.
• backport-active-8 is the label that automatically backports to all active minor branches for the 8 major.
• backport-active-9 is the label that automatically backports to all active minor branches for the 9 major.

[pchila]

buildkite test this

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Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent (Team:Elastic-Agent)

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Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent-data-plane (Team:Elastic-Agent-Data-Plane)